Intro into attachment

Question 1

define attachment

Answer 1

a strong emotional bond reciprocated between 2 people

Question 2

define reciprocity

Answer 2

how 2 people interact with one another - through signalling and eliciting responses

Question 3

why are caregiver and infant interactions important

Answer 3

important for childs social development

Question 4

researchers for reciprocity

Answer 4

• feldman
• brazelton

Question 5

outline feldmans research into reciprocity

Answer 5

• as baby grows so does interactions
• found babies and caregivers spend alot of time in intense and pleasurable interactions
• at 3 months = interactions become more frequent

Question 6

outline brazeltons research into reciprocity

Answer 6

• refers reciprocity as a ‘dance’ due to infant and caregiver responding to eachothers moves
• both take on active role

Question 7

define interactional synchrony

Answer 7

interactional synchrony is when both infant and caregiver’s emotions and actions mirror one another - synchronise

Question 8

who researched into interactional synchrony

Answer 8

• meltzoff and moore
• isabella

Question 9

outline the research done by meltzoff and moore

Answer 9

• observed staring of interactional synchrony in babies
• adult made expressions and gestures to baby
• babys actions were then filmed and observed by independent assessor
• association found between expression and actions of babies

Question 10

what was the association found between infant and adult in meltzoff and moores research into interactional synchrony

Answer 10

association found between gestures and expressions of adult and the babies actions

Question 11

outline what isabella found an association between when researching interactional synchrony

Answer 11

found association between high levels of synchrony and better quality attachments of mother and infant

Question 12

evaluation points for intro into attachment (reciprocity and interactional synchrony)

Answer 12

• individual differences (-)
• research to support (+)
• difficult to reliably test infant behaviour (-)

Question 13

expand on individual differences being an eval point for intro into attachment (reciprocity and interactional synchrony)

Answer 13

• research doesnt consider individual differences between babies
• isabella found strongly attached pairs showed greater interactional synchrony - research against
• assumes all infants respond same way

Question 14

expand on there being research to support as being eval point for intro into attachment

Answer 14

• research conducted supporting behaviour being intentional
• deyong observed behaviour of infants when interacting with inanimate objects
• found infants had little response
• concludes there is specific social response between humans causing interaction

Question 15

expand on it being difficult to reliably test infant behaviour as being eval point for intro into attachment

Answer 15

• difficult to replicate again due to difficulty in distinguishing general activity and imitated behaviour
• difficult to know if response is naturally occuring
• meltzoff and moore overcame this by having independent assessors which increased their internal validity
• babies cannot communicate so inferences have to be made

Question 16

name all researchers involved in the intro into attachment topic

Answer 16

• meltzoff and moore
• isabella
• deyong
• brazelton
• feldman