Stage 68 Flashcards
Why do we need to add left rudder when flying in cruise?
Because our C172s have all 3 counteractive measures for Left-Turning Tendencies that create an imbalance when in straight and level flight
Describe the 1st and 2nd half of a Chandelle in relation to Pitch and Bank
1st half: Changing Pitch, Constant Bank
2nd half: Changing Bank, Constant Pitch
How would you execute a Chandelle?
- MRA (Dual) 1,500’ AGL
- Clearing turns
- 105 knots
1. Bank 30 Degrees
2. SMOOTHLY Apply full power
3. Pitch to maintain coordinated climbing turn to 90 degree point
4. Upon reaching 90 point, rollout to 180 degree point
5. Complete rollout at minimum controllable airspeed
How would you execute a Lazy Eight?
- MRA (Dual) 1,500’ AGL
- Clearing turns
- 105 knots (Power remains fixed)
1. Enter climbing turn to 45 degree reference point (max. pitch up ATTITUDE, 15 degrees bank)
2. Pass through 45 degree point, continue to 90 degree point (Decrease pitch attitude, increase bank to 30 degrees)
3. Complete 90 degree turn (max. BANK angle, minimum airspeed, level pitch attitude)
4. Pass through 90 degree point, continue to 135 degree point (Decrease pitch attitude, decrease bank to 15 degrees)
What is the set-up for Eights-on-Pylons?
- Clearing turns
- 95 knots
- Calculate your Pivotal Altitude for your given ground speed to determine what altitude to start the maneuver
How would you execute Eights-on-Pylons?
- Set power and lock to enter at 95 knots
- Select 2 points aprox. 1nm apart that are aligned perpendicular to the wind
- Enter diagonally between the pylons (high GS, high PA) to make first turn INTO the wind (low GS, low PA)
- Adjust to keep wingtip on pylon
What is Lost procedure
Confess Climb Communicate Conserve Circle - VOR crosscheck
What are the 5 steps in the Diversion procedure
- Select an alternate airport/route (consider FBO services, hotels, geography)
- Estimate heading, GS, ETA, and fuel consumption
- Check NOTAMs/weather
- Contact FSS
- Contact SOF
At what speed do you start Chandelles? What is this maneuvers MRA?
- 105 knots
- 1,500’ AGL
At what speed do you start Lazy Eights? What is this maneuvers MRA?
- 105 knots
- 1,500’ AGL
At what speed do you start Eights on Pylons? What is this maneuvers MRA?
- 95 knots
- Start on Pivotal Altitude!
At what speed do you start Accelerated Stalls? What is this maneuvers MRA?
- 68 knots
- 3,000’ AGL
At what speed do you start Steep Spirals? What is this maneuvers MRA?
- 68 knots
- 1,000’ AGL
How do you execute a Steep Spiral?
- Throttle to Idle
- 68 knots
- Constant radius turns
- Shallow bank into the wind
- Steeper bank against the wind
How do you execute an Accelerated Stall?
- 68 knots (maintain power setting)
- NO FLAPS
- Bank 45 degrees
MAINTAIN COORDINATION - Briskly pull up
Why does Va increase with weight? (draw picture)
- Critical AOA never changes, but as weight increases you are flying closer to the critical AOA and stall speed (hence stall the plane before it breaks)
Are both wings stalled in a spin?
Yes, lower wing is just MORE stalled
What are some situations where you might accidentally enter a spin?
- Upwind to crosswind
- Base to final
Why do we bring the throttle to idle during a spin?
- To avoid flattening the spin!
- Aids in lowering the nose for recovery
Why do we NOT want to use ailerons in spin recovery?
- We do not want to aggravate the spin any further
- Hold ailerons neutral to aid in straightening out the plane
What are the 4 phases of a spin?
- Entry
- Incipient
- Fully Developed
- Recovery
What will your IAS read in a Spin? What about in a Spiral Dive?
Spin: When equilibrium is reached, the IAS will remain fixed (wings stalled)
Spiral: IAS will increase with descent (wings not stalled)
When can we log night time?
- Flight time: 30 mins after sunSET until 30 mins after sunRISE
- Landing: 1 hour after - 1 hour before
What class medical do you need to exercise commercial privileges? How long is it valid?
- 1st Class
- 12 months (any age for commercial purposes)
When is a flight review required?
Every 2 years if you have not received a new cert. or rating
What kind of inspection would an a/c that was being flown for flight instruction need if it did not have a progressive inspection?
- 100 hour (for hire)
- All the other regulatory inspections (AV1ATE)
The Airworthiness Certificate must be:
- Legible
2. Visible to all occupants
The Airworthiness Certificate serves what purpose?
Grants authorization of flight!
What is an “O” procedure for an MEL?
Means the Operator can placard inoperative equipment
If an a/c is using an MEL and a piece of equipment breaks that is NOT in the MEL, can you fly?
NO!
What procedures must be followed if regulations allow a piece of equipment to be inoperative for flight w/o the use of an MEL?
- Refer to 91.213 (91.205, ADs, KOPLs, Day Type Certs)
- Equipment must be removed and placarded
- Must be recorded in the maintenance log according to 43.9
What is a special flight/ferry permit?
- Gives authorization to fly an otherwise unairworthy aircraft to a place where maintenance can be perfomed
- Must contact the local FSDO
What is an AD? What is an SB?
Airworthiness Directives - Government issued, mandatory compliance.
Service Bulletin - Manufacturer issued, recommended compliance.
Can an Annual take the place of a 100-hour?
Yes (91.409)
What kind of inspection program does UND use?
Progressive
What criteria must be met for a Convective Sigmet (WST) to be issued?
(Severe T-storm patterns)
- Surface Winds 50+ knots
- Hail 3/4+ inch
- Tornadoes
Sigmet (WS):
- Who does it affect?
- What do they cover?
- Valid period?
- Hazard to all
- SEVERE icing, turb. and low vis./dust/ash
- Valid 4 hours when conditions exist
Airmet (WA):
- Who does it affect?
- What do they cover?
- Valid period?
- Hazard to some
- MODERATE icing/frz level (Z), turb (T), and IFR/Mt. obscuration (S)
- Valid 6 hours when conditions exist
TAF:
- Who does it affect?
- What do they cover?
- Valid period?
- Those within a 5sm radius
- Forecast of weather conditions
- Valid 24 or 30 hrs
What is the difference between “FM” and “BCMG” in a TAF?
"FM" = change in wx that is coming quickly "BCMG" = change in wx conditions in a given time frame, or within the next 2 hours
How long are WSTs valid?
Valid for 2 hours when conditions exist
What criteria must be met for a SPECI METAR to be issued?
- 45 degree and/or 10 knot change in wind
Are METAR winds given in True or Magnetic direction?
TRUE!
Winds Aloft (FB):
- How often are they issued?
- Are the winds True or Magnetic?
- Is this a forecast or observation?
- 4x a Day (0, 6, 12, 18Z)
- TRUE!
- FORECAST!
Are AWOS/ATIS winds given in True or Magnetic direction?
MAGNETIC!
If your a/c has a discrepancy at UND, where do you bring the book after your flight?
You drop the book of at the INVOICE window!
Is there ever a time when you can fly an unairworthy aircraft?
Yes, with approval from the FSDO after receiving a Special Flight/Ferry Permit!
What is the minimum equipment required for day and night VFR flight?
Anticollision lights Tachometer Oil press. gauge Manifold press. gauge Altimeter Temp. gauges Oil temp. gauge Fuel gauge Landing gear pos. ind. Airspeed ind. Magnetic compass ELT Seat belts/harnesses Strobe?
Fuses (spares) Landing light (hire) Anticollision lights Position lights Source of electricity
What are the required pre-flight actions?
Delays Runway lengths Alternates Weather Fuel requirements Prefomance
IAS is:
Airspeed read right off the airspeed indicator
CAS is:
Airspeed corrected for instrument and positioning error
TAS is:
Airspeed corrected for non-standard temp and pressure
Can you fly through a prohibited or restricted area?
You can fly through a RESTRICTED area with approval form the controlling agency. You cannot fly through a prohibited area.
What is the significance of a TRSA?
Provides separation from all IFR and participating VFR traffic
What types of operations are conducted in Class A airspace?
Air Carrier and IFR ops
What are the PRIMARY flight controls?
- Ailerons
- Elevator/Stabilator
- Rudder