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A2 Geography - Geographical Skills > Stage 4 > Flashcards

Stage 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the advantages of bar graphs?

A
  1. Can be used to make comparisons between two different data sets 2. A range of data can be shown on one graph 3. Easy to interpret trends and identify anomalies
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of bar graphs?

A
  1. Need to categorise the data
  2. Width of bar may be misleading
  3. Only shows discontinuous data (e.g. gender, blood type)
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3
Q

What are the advantages of line graphs?

A
  1. Useful for showing continuous data = changes over space or time 2. Easy to identify trends
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of line graphs?

A
  1. Can only be used to show continuous data (e.g. height)
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5
Q

What are the advantages of a pie chart?

A

Clearly shows the relative contribution of each category

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of a pie chart?

A
  1. Actual data values are hard to determine = data is shown as percentage of whole 2. Limited number of categories can be shown otherwise chart is too difficult to read
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7
Q

What are the advantages of scatter graphs?

A
  1. Clearly shows relationship between two variables
  2. Shows direction and strength of relationship
  3. Easy to identify anomalies
  4. Spatial location of data can be shown (if x axis is distance)
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of scatter graphs?

A
  1. Only shows extreme correlations = hard to spot trends
  2. Can only be used to compare two data sets
  3. Difficult to interpret if lots of data points/ data points are close together
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9
Q

What are the advantages of triangular graphs?

A
  1. Relatively easy to plot points 2. Allows three variables to be shown clearly on one graph 3. Easy to compare between variables
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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of triangular graphs?

A
  1. Can only be used if there are three variables 2. Hard to construct + Time consuming 3. Data usually needs to be converted to percentages before they are plotted
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11
Q

What are triangular graphs?

A
  • shows data points with three variables
  • data must be a ration (eg. percentage)
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12
Q

What is a kite diagram?

A

Shows change in percentage over distance of a transect (distance on x axis)

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13
Q

What are the advantages of kite diagrams?

A
  1. Clear results + visual representation of data
  2. Can plot multiple variables / data sets which means it’s easy to compare between different locations
  3. Useful for showing changes in characteristics over space
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of kite diagrams?

A
  1. difficult to interpret
  2. data must be a percentage
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15
Q

Name the 6 types of graphs and charts most commonly used in geographical investigations.

A
  1. Bar graph 2. Line graph 3. Pie chart 4. Scatter graphs 5. Triangular graphs 6. Kite diagrams
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16
Q

What are the 5 most common spatial mapping techniques used in geographical investigations?

A
  1. Choropleth mapping 2. Dot mapping 3. Isopleth/ isoline mapping 4. Flow line mapping 5. Proportional symbols mapping
17
Q

What is cloropleth mapping?

A
  • Most widely used statistical map = shows average values per unit of area in a region
  • Variation is shown by density of shading or colour
  • Data must be a ration
18
Q

What are the advantages of cloropleth mapping?

A
  1. Relatively simple to construct 2. Clear visual overview of spatial patterns 3. Useful for data published in aerial units
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of cloropleth mapping?

A
  1. If some areas have v high values this can dominate the map 2. Inaccuracy in class interval 3. Does not show inter regional trends
20
Q

What is dot mapping?

A
  • dot used to represent a feature
  • visual scatter (density of dots) is used to show spatial pattern
21
Q

What are the advantages of dot mapping?

A
  1. Good visual representation of the data 2. Spatial distribution of data can be shown accurately 3. Data is not interrupted by boundaries (e.g. regional/national)
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of dot mapping?

A
  1. Time consuming to construct 2. Prior knowledge of influencing factors is needed for map to be accurate 3. High density areas = dots merge together which makes it difficult to read total
23
Q

What is isopleth/ isoline mapping?

A

A map that uses isolines (lines joining with equal value, calculated using interpolation) to show distributions that have a continuous pattern over space.

The distance between isolines determines the rate of change (denser meaning faster change)

24
Q

What are the advantages of isopleth mapping?

A
  • visual representation
  • especailly useful for physical geography
25
Q

What are disadvantages of of isopleth mapping?

A
  1. Requires large amount of data collected at specific points
  2. change in data over space must be continuous
  3. Using interpolation to decide where to construct lines = inaccurate as it assumes that there is gradual change between the data location
26
Q

What is flow mapping?

A
  • Shows the impression of movement between places
  • Width of flow lines is proportional to the number of items moving
  • Routed flow maps also show direction of movement
27
Q

What are the advantages of flow mapping?

A
  1. can show movement AND direction
  2. visual, so easy to interpret
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of flow mapping?

A
  1. Difficult to construct if data is varied with wide extremes
  2. Difficult to quantify exact figures
  3. Non-routed maps are very generalised
29
Q

What is proportional symbols mapping?

A

• Symbols (e.g. circles, squares, bars) are drawn based on the idea that the size of the symbol is proportional to the value it represents

30
Q

What are the advantages of proportional symbols mapping?

A
  1. Clear visual display of data 2. Easy to see proportions 3. Symbol can be divided to show other characteristics
31
Q

What are the disadvantages of proportional symbols mapping?

A
  1. difficult to interpret small differences

A2 Geography - Geographical Skills (8 decks)

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