Stage 2 Flashcards
Takeoff minimums Part 91
no takeoff minimums
Takeoff minimums Part 121, 125, 129, 135:
■ Standard
● Prescribed takeoff minimums for that runway
Takeoff minimums Part 121, 125, 129, 135 not prescribed
○ 2 or fewer engines, 1 mile
○ 3 or more engines, 1⁄2 mile
■ Nonstandard takeoff
● Reference the TPP
Operation below the DA/DH
○ Aircraft in a continuous position to land at a normal descent rate using normal
maneuvers
○ Flight visibility not less than the prescribed for the approach
○ May descend to 100’ above TDZE if approach lights in sight
What’s needed to go below DA/DH
■ Threshold, Threshold markings, Threshold lights
■ Touchdown zone, touchdown markings, touchdown lights
■ Runway, runway markings, runway lights
■ Red terminating bars
■ Runway end indicator lights (REILs)
■ Visual glideslope indicator
Alternate Requirements
○ Always required unless:
■ An instrument approach is published and available for the destination, AND
■ For at least 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA:
● 2000’ ceiling
● 3sm visibility
Alternate Airport minimum criteria standard and if no approach available
■ Standard
● Precision: 600’-2sm
● Non Precision: 800’-2sm
● If no instrument approach available:
○ Ceiling and vis must allow descent from MEA, approach, and
landing under VFR
Using non-waas GPS
● Can flight plan GPS approaches at either destination or alternate, but
NOT both
Precision Approach what does it provide and it’s minimums
■ Provides lateral and vertical guidance
■ Minimums
● Decision Altitude (DA), MSL
● Decision Height (DH), AGL
Non-Precision
■ Provides lateral guidance only
■ Minimums
● Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA), MSL
● Minimum Descent Height (MDH), AGL
Equipment/Miscellaneous Types what does ILS use and RNAV GPS
○ ILS/Localizer
- Uses ground based equipment
○ RNAV(GPS)
- Uses satellite GPS (WAAS/RAIM)
○ Non Directional beacon (NDB)
Circling Minimums
Standard is a used set radius distances based on approach category,
regardless of MDA
Expanded circling
○ Expanded marked by C
■ After 2012, now factors in MDA because of increased true airspeed at
different altitudes
When to go Missed Precision
○ Precision
■ The DA/DH
○ Non-precision
When to go Missed Non-precision
■ Runway threshold or other specified point, usually labeled as a point with
DME
○ If a plate has both precision/non-precision approaches
then the profile view will
ALWAYS default to showing the precision approach profile
■ All the information is still there for the non-precision approach, but it is up
to YOU to interpret/visualize how it’s different
Approach Categories
○ Tell you what minimums to use based
91 knots or less Vso
Procedure Turn Types
■ Course Reversal
■ Descent from IAF
■ Inbound course interception
Procedure Turn Mandatory
when:
■ Depicted on the approach chart
Procedure Turn not allowed when
Not permitted when:
■ NoPT is specified
■ Radar vectors
■ Conducting a Timed Approach
● When you do not have alternate means of navigating to your MAP
other than using speed and time
MSA
○ Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)
■ Emergency altitude used in case of lost situational awareness
■ Provides obstacle/terrain avoidance
TAA
○ Terminal Arrival Area (TAA)
■ Provides altitude and distance information for a given area
■ For RNAV approaches only
NOTAMs
● NOTAMs
○ Can alter the published approach
○ Know how to decode!
■ https://notams.aim.faa.gov/notamSearch/
Runway declared distances marked by D
○ Found in chart supplement
TDZE
● Touchdown Zone Elevation (TDZE)
○ Highest elevation (MSL) in first 3000’ of runway
Pilot controlled Lighting
○ Negative symbology A5
○ Black dot above A5 means sequenced flashing lights
● Approaching Lights purpose
○ Depicted on chart
○ Required to increase visibility depending on inop equipment type (see TPP
supplement)
RVR
Runway Visual Range (RVR)
○ Visibility expressed in feet
VDP
Visual Descent Point (VDP) (AIM 5-4-5)
○ A defined point from which a descent using normal descent rate and normal
maneuvers can be made from the MDA to touchdown point provided visual
reference is established
Holding types n how long
○ Radial (1 minute legs)
○ GPS (4nm legs)
Holding entries
○ Direct
○ Parallel
○ Teardrop
Holding max speeds
0 - 6000’ 200 kts
6000 – 14000’ 230 kts
14000’ and above 265 kts
EFC
Expect Further Clearance (EFC)
○ Time at which additional instructions should be provided
LPV
Localizer Performance With Vertical Guidance
- WAAS needed not Baro
BARO
Barometric aiding to vertical reference
LNAV
Lateral Navigation
uses Baro but most use WAAS
VNAV
Vertical Navigation
uses Baro but most use WAAS
LNAV +V
Lateral navgiation plus vertical only displayed on flight display not approach plate
advisery vertical not as accurate
