Stage 1 Oral Flashcards
What are the Certifications and Documents Required to fly?
-Student Pilot Certificate
-Medical Certificate
-Logbook with signed endorsement from your instructor
-Government issued ID
What are your General Limitations- FAR 61.89
-Student pilots cannot act as PIC when: carrying passengers, aircraft is for hire, With visibility less than 3sm(day) 5sm(night), if the flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface, the furtherance of business, operation in class B airspace in solo flight unless they have received ground and flight training in that specific airspace from their CFI + an endorsement, Student pilot may not fly internationally as PIC unless specified by FAR 61.89 (a)(5)
When does your medical certificate expire?
60th month after the month of the date shown on the medical certificate.
Ex. Nov 1, 2022 is when you obtain
Dec 1, 2027 is when it expires
Vso
Stall speed landing configuration; 45
Vs
Stall speed takeoff configuration; 50
Vr
Rotate speed; 60
Vx
Best angle of climb; 64
Final approach speed
Full flaps; 66
Vy
Best Rate of climb; 76
Vg
Best glide; 76
Vo
Maneuvering speed; 113 @ 2550lbs
98 @ 1917lbs
Vfe
Max. Flap extension; 102
Vno
Max. structural cruise; 125
Vne
Never Exceed; 154
Short field takeoff- Flaps 25
55
Short field landing- Flaps 40
61
No flap approach- Flaps 0
76
En Route Climb
87
Max. Demonstrated crosswind
17
Max. Propeller Speed (2.7)
2700rpm
Maximum Ramp (lbs)
2558 (Normal)
Maximum weight (lbs)
2550 (Normal)
Maximum Baggage (lbs)
200 (Normal)
What is the total capacity of fuel for the Archer?
50 U.S. Gal.
How much of the fuel is usable?
48 U.S. Gal.
How much of the fuel is unusable?
2 U.S Gal.
How to deal with Inoperative Equipment can be found where?
Far 91.213(d2)
4 Places to look
3 things to do
2 decisions
1 outcome
4: TCDS (type certificate data sheets), ADs (Airworthiness Directives), KOEL (Kinds of equipment list), 91.205 (b and c)
3: Remove OR Deactivate, Placard, Write it up
2: go or no-go
1: Outcome
Class A airspace (FAR 91.135)
-Required to Fly under IFR
-Required ATC Clearance
-Class A begins at 18,000’MSL and goes up to 60,000’MSL
-Equip. Two-way radio com., Mode S transponder
Class B (FAR 91.131/ AIM CH 3-2-3)
-Generally from the surface up to 10,000MSL
-ATC Clearance is required to enter
-VFR flights must have two-way com. throughout the airspace
-Can be determined by solid Blue lines on foreflight
-Equip. ADS-B out 30 miles from the center of the airspace (30 mi. mode c veil) Transponder Mode C
Class C (FAR 91.131/ AIM CH 3-2-3)
-Generally from the surface up to 4,000 feet AGL with a 4-5 mi ring and an 8-10 mi ring
-Equip. Mode C Transponder and ADS-B out (unless otherwise authorized by ATC)
-Two-way communication must be established before entering as well as during the whole time in the airspace
Class D (PHAK 15-2 and 15-10/ FAR 91.129)
-Generally from surface to 2,500ft AGL and 4 mi radius
-Can be part-time class E or G
-Equip. two-way communication with ATC
-Determined by Dashed Blue Line
Class E (FAR 91.127, PHAK 15-3)
-Controlled Airspace that isn’t ABC or D
-Two- way com is recommended
-can start base at 1200’ AGL
-other areas can start from surface to 700’ AGL
-Some Class E airspaces start at MSL spaces depicted on the chart
Class G (PHAK 15-8)
-Uncontrolled airspace
-No required equipment or communication
-The portion of the airspace that isn’t ABCD or E
-from ground to 1200 (exceptions)
-from ground to 700 when a magenta faded line is present
Class G cloud and visual clearance
-Day (-1200’ AGL): 1 SM, Clear of clouds
-Day (+1200’ AGL, Under 10,000’ MSL) RARE: ! SM, 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
-Night: 3 SM, 1000 above, 500 below, 2000 horizontal
-Night (+1200’ AGL, Above 10,000’ MSL) RARE: 5 SM, 1000 above, 1000 blow, 1 mile horizontal
Recommended Call-outs
-10 mi away (first call)
-5 mi away (second call)
- Overflying Airfield (if necessary)
-45 degree entry to the downwind
-Downwind
-Base
-Final
What does it mean when an airspace is Prohibited?
-Area of flight where aircraft is prohibited
-Established for Security and National Welfare reasons
-Depicted by a “P” followed by a number e.g., P-40
What does it mean when an airspace is Restricted?
-Areas of flight aircraft are subject to restrictions
-Not fully Restricted; areas can be active or inactive
-If active ATC will give clearance to avoid the restricted airspace
What does it mean when an airspace is a Military Operated Area?
-Purpose of separating military training activities from IFR Traffic
-Pilots operating under VFR should exercise extreme caution while flying within MOA when military activity is being conducted
-contact any FSS/ATC within 100 miles of the area to obtain accurate real-time info concerning the MOA hours of operation
-Prior to entering an active MOA, pilots should contact the controlling agency for traffic advisories
What does it mean when an airspace is an Alert Area?
-Indicated on charts with “A” followed by a number
-Inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that contain a high volume of activity, such as pilot training
What does it mean when an airspace is a Controlled Firing Area? (CFA)
-Not published on any chart
-spotter aircraft, radar, and ground lookouts notify approaching aircraft
-Contain hazardous activities to nonparticipating aircraft
-Activities are suspended immediately when nonparticipating aircraft approaches
What does it mean when an airspace is a Warning Area?
-Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3 NM outward from the coast of the U.S.
- Indicated by the letter “W” followed by a number
What is our Aircraft’s Speed limit? (FAR 91.117
-250 KTS below 10,000’ MSL (no speed limit above)
-cannot exceed 200 KIAS at or below 2500 ft AGL within 4 NM of a class C/D airspace
-200 KIAS below Bravo and in VFR corridors (250 KIAS in bravo)
-If the minimum safe airspeed is greater than the max speed in that airspace, aircraft may be operated at that minimum speed
How do you acknowledge ATC light gun signals in day and night?
Day; Rock wings back and forth
Night: Flash landing lights
How do you deal with Lost Coms?
-Enter the pattern 1000 above TPA, Squawked 7600 for no comms, and rock wings and await a signal
-For uncontrolled airports, enter 1000 above TPA, look for wind sock/ wind indicator in addition to traffic in the pattern to determine which runway to use, and wait for an open spot in the pattern
When you are in the air, and you see a solid green light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
You are cleared to land
When you are in the air, and you see a solid Red light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
When you are in the air, and you see a flashing green light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Return for landing (followed by a steady green)
When you are in the air, and you see a flashing red light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Airport unsafe- Do not land
When you are on the ground, and you see a Flashing white light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Return to starting point
When you are in the air or on the ground, and you see an alternating red and green light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Exercise extreme caution
When you are on the ground, and you see a Flashing Green light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Cleared to taxi
When you are on the ground, and you see a Flashing Red light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Taxi clear of the runway
When you are on the ground, and you see a solid green light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Cleared to take off
When you are on the ground, and you see a solid red light gun signal, what are they communicating to you?
Stop
NWKRAFT
Notams
Weather
Known ATC delays
Runway lengths
Alternates available
Fuel Requirements
Take-off and landing distances
Where can I find ATOMATOFLAMES?
91.205(b)
What is ATOMATOFLAMES?
Airspeed indicator
Tachometer
Oil pressure gauge
Manifold pressure Gauge
Altimeter
Temp. gauge (f.e.liquid-cooled engine)
Oil temperature gauge
Fuel gauge (f.e. tank)
Landing gear lights (if applicable)
Anti-collision lights
Magnetic direction indicator
ELT
Seatbelts and shoulder harnesses
Where can I find FLAPS?
91.205(c)
What is FLAPS?
Fuses
Landing Lights (for hire)
Anti-collision lights
Position Lights
Source of electrical power (battery and/or Altimeter)
What does the KOEL state need to be present for VFR Flight?
1 PFD or MFD
2 GIA
What does the KOEL state need to be present for IFR Flight?
1 PFD
1 MFD
2 GIA
1ADAHRS
1 Magnetometer
1 Stand-by instrument- Attitude
1 Stand-by instrument- Airspeed
1 Stand-by instrument- Altimeter
1 Stand-by instrument- Heading
What are the required inspections?
Annual (every 12 Cal. months)
VOR (every 30 days)
100 Hrs (for Hire)
Altimeter/static system (24 cal months)
Transponder (24 cal months)
ELT (12 cal months, 1 hour of cumulative use, 1/2 the battery life)
What is the Angle of Attack?
Angle between wing chord line and relative wind
When will a stall occur?
A stall occurs when the critical angle of attack is exceeded
What are the signs of an Impending stall?
-Buffet
-Stick Shaker (found on T tails)
-Aural Warning (stall warning horn
What is an impending stall?
When the AOA causes the warning horn to go off but has not reached the critical AOA
How do you recover from a stall?
Max, relax, Roll
When does a spin occur?
Stall + Yaw
How do we recover from a stall?
Power Idle
Ailerons Neutral
Rudder Opposite
Elevator briskly through neutral
91.3 PIC responsibilitys
PIC is directly responsible for the final authority as to the operation of the aircraft
Allowed to deviate from procedures to ensure safety and must report deviation to administrator
What must be on the aircraft at all times?
Airworthiness certificate (born with it)
Registration Cert.(renew every 3yrs)
Radio operators license (international)
Operating limitations
Weight and Balance (permanent)
