Stage 1-3 (Aspects of Predicates) Flashcards

1
Q

Four aspects of predicates

A

imperfective, positive and negative

perfective, positive and negative

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2
Q

define aspect

A

describes whether an action is continuous, finished, current etc.

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3
Q

yesterday

A

きのう

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4
Q

grandfather (other’s)

A

おじいさん

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5
Q

grandfather (own)

A

そふ

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6
Q

company employee

A

かいしゃいん

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7
Q

grandmother (other’s)

A

おばあさん

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8
Q

grandmother (own)

A

そぼ

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9
Q

medical doctor

A

いしゃ

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10
Q

last semester

A

せんがっき

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11
Q

this semester

A

こんがっき

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12
Q

last year

A

きょねん

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13
Q

this year

A

ことし

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14
Q

sick

A

びょうき

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15
Q

next semester

A

らいがっき

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16
Q

spring

A

はる

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17
Q

summer

A

なつ

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18
Q

autumn

A

あき

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19
Q

winter

A

ふゆ

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20
Q

cafe

A

きっさてん

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21
Q

hot

A

あつい

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22
Q

cold (not weather)

A

つめたい

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23
Q

delicious

A

おいしい

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24
Q

bad-tasting

A

まずい

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25
food
たべもの
26
other
ほか
27
drink
のみもの
28
breakfast
朝ごはん
29
eat
たべる
30
a little while ago
さっき
31
this morning
けさ
32
to drink
のむ
33
water
34
tonight
こんばん
35
TV
テレビ
36
music
おんがく
37
to listen
きく
38
newspaper
しんぶん
39
to read
よむ
40
next year
らいねん
41
speak
はなす
42
last week
せんしゅう
43
this week
こんしゅう
44
last month
せんげつ
45
this month
こんげつ
46
interesting
おもしろい
47
every week
まいしゅう
48
karate
からて
49
practice
れんしゅう
50
next week
らいしゅう
51
every month
まいげつ;まいつき
52
next month
らいげつ
53
now
いま
54
pronunciation
はつおん
55
next semester
らいがっき
56
every Monday
まいしゅうのげつようび
57
this Monday
こんしゅうのげつようび
58
next Monday
らいげつのげつようび
59
last Monday
せんしゅうのげつようび
60
older brother (other)
おにいさん
61
older brother (own)
あに
62
key
かぎ
63
older sister (other)
おねえさん
64
older sister (own)
あね
65
car
くるま
66
new
あたらしい
67
watch/clock
とけい
68
old
ふるい
69
more
もっと
70
younger sister (other)
いもうとさん
71
younger brother (other)
おとうとさん
72
younger brother (own)
いもうと
73
younger brother (own)
おとうと
74
imperfective for nominal predicates (pos/neg) | present
。。。です。 | 。。。では(じゃ)ありませ。
75
perfective for nominal predicates (pos/neg) | perfect
。。。でした。 | 。。。ありませんでした。
76
volitional for nominal/adjectival predicates (pos)
。。。でしょう。
77
imperfective for adjectival predicates (pos/neg) | present
。。。です。 | 。。。くありません。
78
perfective for adjectival predicates (pos/neg) | perfect
。。。かったです。 | 。。。くありませんでした。
79
imperfective for verbal predicates (pos/neg) | present, future
。。。ます。 | 。。。ません。
80
perfective for verbal predicates (pos/neg) | imperfect, perfect
。。。ました。 | 。。。ませんでした。
81
volitional for verbal predicates (pos)
。。。(plain form) でしょう。
82
continuous imperfective verbal predicates (pos/neg) | have been
。。。ています。 | 。。。ていません。
83
continuous perfective verbal predicates (pos/neg) | had been
。。。ていました。 | 。。。ていませんでした。
84
before
その前に
85
after
その後で
86
at the time
その時に
87
so
だから
88
"about" particle
について
89
bus
バス
90
chopsticks
はし
91
walk
あるく