Stability of the monarchy Flashcards
When and what was the ‘Act of Regal power’?
- 1554
- stated that queens held as much power and authority as their previous male predecessors
When did Edward VI die
July 6th, 1553
What does Edward try to do to stop Mary’s possible accession? (2)
‘Devise of succession’ in 1553
Fails as HVIII 1544 Succession Act was still valid
What was created by the Privy council and Mary I to prevent foreign interventions (4)
- marriage treaty;
Phillip’s children existing could not take the English throne if no heir is born
Foreigners cannot be appointed to English offices
Phillip had no sovereign status in English
What rebellion did Mary’s marriage have an influence on?
- Wyatt’s rebellion
When was Lady Jane Grey executed?
- 1554
2 examples of a stable monarch under Mary?
- Marriage Treaty 54; prevented interference from foreigners
- Reconstruction of Crown’s finances
2 examples of instability in Mary’s monarch
- absence of Phillip through most of the marriage, meant throne lacked supportive male figure
- Mary’s inability to produce a male heir meant no male Tudor blood to carry throne
When did Phillip leave and return- what did do when he returned
- Left in ‘55 to succeed as King of Spain
- came back ‘57 to convince Mary to partake in war against French
What was the result of the war against France in ‘57 (3)
- Calais land is lost in ‘58
- Last foreign land in Europe England owned
- reduces the wealth of the crown
Main reasons why Edward on the throne meant instability (3)
- Minority; only 9 when succeeded to the throne
- Too young to lead troops; seen weaker by external countries
- Could be easily exploited due to ignorance
Example of instability in Edward’s reign (3)
- Somerset already ignoring HVXIII wish for regency council and relies on Privy Council instead
- Autocratic leadership from Somerset meant it wasn’t Edward’s personal monarch.
- Attempt to alter succession in 53 meant power struggle
What did Somerset do to damage Crown’s finances
- Debasing of the coinage to finance War against Scotland
Background info about Somerset (4)
- Edward Seymour
- Earl of Hertford 1541, Duke of Somerset ‘47
- Privy Councillor in ‘37
- Successful record as military leader, so gained good reputation at the end of HVIII reign
What did Somerset do when HVIII died (2)
- Concealed his death for 3 days with William Paget
- Altered his will to make himself ‘Lord Protector’
What battle did Somerset win in Scotland
- Battle of Pinkie
- September ‘47
When was the coup to remove Somerset
13 oct 1549
When does Northumberland become Lord president of the council
21st Feb 1550
When was Somerset executed
Jan 1552
When was the Wyatt’s rebellion
1554 Jan
When does Mary marry Phillip
July 1554
What council dominated at the end of Henry’s reign
Reformists
Problems with Edward’s minority (5)
- not able to lead troops on war
- other states can exploit weakness
- fear of civil war due to previous War of Roses with Henry VI
- difficult to portray him as powerful and adept
- factional struggles (reformists vs Catholics)
How many were in the regency council
16
Two main changes made my Somerset when he came into power
- Council had full power and authority to take action as long as Edward under 18
- council were allowed to bestow gifts and titles
Thomas Howard
- Duke of Norfolk
Conservative
Paget
Chancellor
Reforming
Thomas Wriotheseley
- Earl of Southhampton
Conservative
Gardiner
Bishop of Winchester
Conservative
Henry Howard
Earl of Surrey
Conservative
John Dudley
Duke of Northumberland
Reforming
Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop of Canterbury
Reforming
William Herbert
Earl of Pembroke
Reforming
What was somerset’s decision making based on (2)
Prerogative and proclamation
He issued 77 during his rule
Describe the coup of 1549 (4)
Warwick (Northumberland) gained support of the Catholics in PC
Moved to Edward but Somerset panics and takes him to the castle
But when Catholics tried to get rid of Warwick
He was already allied with Cranmer and other reformers
When was Warwick made prescient of the council
Jan 1550
Explain the succession plot (4)
1553; Edward dying
Northumberland wanted to remain in power so tried to rule out Henry XVIII Succession Act
Arranged marriage of Lady Jane Grey (great-grandchild of Henry VII) to Guildford Dudley
LJG proclaimed Queen 10 July 53
How did Mary react to Edward’s death? (3)
Proclaimed herself Queen (in east Anglia)
Sending letters to PC and towns
Letters of summons and support from Charles V (HRE)
How did Mary react to Wyatt’s rebellion (5)
- Executed less than 100 involved even though there were 3000 men
- argue that it was seen as minor
- argue that she was cautious as she did not want to provoke more unrest
- Wyatt, Suffolk, LJG and Guilford Dudley executed
- Courtenay and Elizabeth imprisoned
A dispute that happened within the council during Mary’s reign
- revival of the heresy laws
Example of political crisis from 47 to 58 (6)
- Somerset overthrow on 49
- struggle for power between Northumberland and Catholic faction
- LJG affair resulted in raising armed forces
- Power was easily seized by the manipulation of Henry VIII will
- Somerset’s autocratic leadership
- Rebellion of 49 led to political elites
abandoning support for government to - Wyatt’s attempt to topple Mary
Reasons for stability between 47 to 58 (5)
- legitimacy always triumphed
- government continued despite factional struggles
- Somerset coup short lived
- LJG only queen for 9 days
- ruling elite supported rightful monarch
