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Later Tudors 47-58 > Religious Changes > Flashcards

Religious Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What contributed to more radical preaching during Edward’s reign (3)

A
  • repealed Treason Act in 1547
  • allowed of unlicensed preachers
  • a lot of 1548 spend on controlling preaching and unrest
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2
Q

Major religious changes in 1548 (2)

A
  • December; First Prayer Book

- February; iconoclasm; removal of religious images

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3
Q

Majors 1549 changes

A
  • January; Act of Uniformity
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4
Q

Major 1550 changes (2)

A
  • Jan; New Ordinal

- November; stone alters replaced with wood

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5
Q

Significance of 1547 Chantries Act (2)

A
  • Beliefs; Protestants did not believe in singing masses/ prayer for the dead
  • Financial; raise money to fund for war against Scotland
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6
Q

factors of the 1549 Act of Uniformity (5)

A
  • English Litany
  • No clergy marriage
  • no singing masses for the dead
  • laity could receive both bread and wine
  • sacraments just; communion, baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial
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7
Q

Major 1552 changes (4)

A
  • January; new Treason Act; offence to question Royal supremacy and church beliefs
  • Jan; Second book of common prayers- abolition of transubstantiation
  • March; Second act of Uniformity
  • November; 42 articles
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8
Q

Major 1553 changes (2)

A
  • September: Act of Repeal; undid all Protestant changes under Edward

Mary gave up role as head of Church

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9
Q

Major 1554 changes (3)

A
  • April; Heresy laws passed
  • March; Royal injunctions
  • November; Role returns to England
    Second act of appeal
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10
Q

What did the heresy laws cause some Protestants to do (2)

A
  • 800 of mainly gentry, clergy and the wealthy left for Germany and Switzerland
  • exile for the rest of Mary’s reign
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11
Q

What did the 1555 Royal injunctions lead to (3)

A
  • Restored catholic traditional practices; Holy days, ceremonies
  • Deprived clergy and marriage was banned, many had to leave wives

Protestant bishops removed from offices

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12
Q

What allowed the passing of 1554 Heresy laws (2)

A
  • At first it was rejected by the council (Paget and Gardiner struggle)
  • but the promise of the monastic land caused the council to agree to the laws as many MPs did not want to lose their land
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13
Q

Complications with the 1554 Second Act of Repeal (2)

A
  • Protected church landowners from 1536

- therefore many monasteries refunded

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14
Q

Impact of the Hersey laws (3)

A
  • Burnings of nearly 300 Protestants from 1555-1558
  • John Foxe recorded in the ‘Book of Martyrs’ to show impact of burnings
  • book led to a considerable amount of people converting and becoming oppositions
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15
Q

Notable burnings is 1555 and 1556 (3)

A
  • John Rogers; first to be burned
  • Bishops Ridley and Latimer (Oxford)
  • Cranmer (1556)
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16
Q

What is Chrsitopher Haigh’s comment on the prosecution of Protestants

A

“the prosecution of Protestants was not a success; not was it a disaster. If it did not help the catholic cause, it did not do much harm”

17
Q

Reforms Cardinal Pole tried pushing (3)

A
  • Ordered bishops to check clerical behaviour and discipline
  • New book of Homilies and Catholic New Testament
  • wanted seminaries in every diocese to train future priests
18
Q

1547 changes (2)

A
  • July; Book of Homilies; English sermons

- November; Dissolution of chantries; no praying to avoid purgatory

19
Q

First Act of Uniformity (6)

A

Jan 1549

Ordered clergy to use Protestant practices

No marriage in the clergy

No singing masses for the dead

Everything in English

Laity could received both bread and wine in communion

20
Q

Who supported Protestant reforms the most during Edward’s reign? (2)

A
  • East Anglia

- London

21
Q

Who were the most opposed to reforms during Edward’s reign (2)

A
  • lower clergy, made most of the bishop population

- specifically Bishop Gardiner

22
Q

Book of Homiles (2)

A

July 47

Provided clergy with model sermons

23
Q

Erasmus Paraphrases (3)

A

July 47

Translated biblical paraphrases of the gospel (life death resurrection of Christ)

Edward ordered it to be placed in every church in his Royal Injunctions 47

24
Q

Act of Six Articles repulsion (3)

A
  • it was the basis of faith for the Catholic Church that was used by Henry VIII
  • included Transubstantiation, Clerical celibacy, private masses
  • Repulsion meant clergy could marry, and transubstantiation rejected, destroying catholic traditions
25
Q

Chantries Act (4)

A

1547

Allowed dissolution of chantries, which were places were masses for the soul of the dead

Could be attack on believe as reformists didn’t believe in purgatory

But could be done to fund war against Scotland

26
Q

What did the repulsion of Treason Act lead to (4)

A

More radical views and preaching

Unrest fuelled by iconoclastic attacks

Government struggles to control this; led to proclamations between Jan to April 48

Public preaching banned in Sep 48

27
Q

First common book of prayer (3)

A 
Included only 5 sacraments;
Marriage 
Communion 
Confirmation 
Burial 
Baptism

Fast and holy days remained

Worship of saints discouraged

28
Q

How did Edward ensure Protestant practices were carried out (2)

A

Under act of uniformity Clergy were forced to use new services unless fined or jailed

Bishops carried inspects eg Hopper I’m Gloucestershire

29
Q

New Ordinal (2)

A

1550

Service book that detailed what priests and bishops had to do

30
Q

What problems dos new Ordinal cause (4)

A

Hooper did not agree with swearing to saints and Priest’s surplice

Conflict with Cranmer

Hooper imprisoned for radical preaching

But released to take back role as bishop

31
Q

Second prayer book (6)

A

1552

No traditional robes

No cross in confirmation

Altars replaced with communion table

Satisfied more radical reformers

Everyone had to abide by the new reforms

32
Q

Second act of uniformity (3)

A
  • this made Protestant practices more compulsory
  • people forced to go to church on Sunday unless fined
  • introduced Second common prayer book to enforce form of worship
33
Q

6 goals Mary set out to pursue on religion

A
  • undo religious changes since 1529
  • restore papal authority
  • restore traditional catholic practices and beliefs; eg transubstantiation
  • end clerical marriage
  • restore monastic property
  • prosecute those against her
34
Q

Worries about Mary’s religion approach? (3)

A
  • Gardiner uncertain about papal authority
  • Imperial ambassador Renard; concerned about returning monastic property
  • Pope and Charles V concerned that quick movements would cause unrest
35
Q

Parliament’a first reaction to repeal Act of Supremacy in 53

A

Refused to do so

Suggests they were anti-papal

36
Q

Parliament’s reaction to heresy laws

A

Rejected it in 54

But then agrees when they were promised monastic lands not being returned to the church

37
Q

Where did most heresy burnings take place in (4)

A

South east

London
Canterbury
Colchester

38
Q

Why were most prosecutions around London during Mary’s reign (3)

A

Greatest population of Protestants

Near the central government, so increased pressure on local authorities

Included letters sent, encouraging local authorities to respond to heresies

Later Tudors 47-58 (3 decks)

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