Religious Changes Flashcards
What contributed to more radical preaching during Edward’s reign (3)
- repealed Treason Act in 1547
- allowed of unlicensed preachers
- a lot of 1548 spend on controlling preaching and unrest
Major religious changes in 1548 (2)
- December; First Prayer Book
- February; iconoclasm; removal of religious images
Majors 1549 changes
- January; Act of Uniformity
Major 1550 changes (2)
- Jan; New Ordinal
- November; stone alters replaced with wood
Significance of 1547 Chantries Act (2)
- Beliefs; Protestants did not believe in singing masses/ prayer for the dead
- Financial; raise money to fund for war against Scotland
factors of the 1549 Act of Uniformity (5)
- English Litany
- No clergy marriage
- no singing masses for the dead
- laity could receive both bread and wine
- sacraments just; communion, baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial
Major 1552 changes (4)
- January; new Treason Act; offence to question Royal supremacy and church beliefs
- Jan; Second book of common prayers- abolition of transubstantiation
- March; Second act of Uniformity
- November; 42 articles
Major 1553 changes (2)
- September: Act of Repeal; undid all Protestant changes under Edward
Mary gave up role as head of Church
Major 1554 changes (3)
- April; Heresy laws passed
- March; Royal injunctions
- November; Role returns to England
Second act of appeal
What did the heresy laws cause some Protestants to do (2)
- 800 of mainly gentry, clergy and the wealthy left for Germany and Switzerland
- exile for the rest of Mary’s reign
What did the 1555 Royal injunctions lead to (3)
- Restored catholic traditional practices; Holy days, ceremonies
- Deprived clergy and marriage was banned, many had to leave wives
Protestant bishops removed from offices
What allowed the passing of 1554 Heresy laws (2)
- At first it was rejected by the council (Paget and Gardiner struggle)
- but the promise of the monastic land caused the council to agree to the laws as many MPs did not want to lose their land
Complications with the 1554 Second Act of Repeal (2)
- Protected church landowners from 1536
- therefore many monasteries refunded
Impact of the Hersey laws (3)
- Burnings of nearly 300 Protestants from 1555-1558
- John Foxe recorded in the ‘Book of Martyrs’ to show impact of burnings
- book led to a considerable amount of people converting and becoming oppositions
Notable burnings is 1555 and 1556 (3)
- John Rogers; first to be burned
- Bishops Ridley and Latimer (Oxford)
- Cranmer (1556)
What is Chrsitopher Haigh’s comment on the prosecution of Protestants
“the prosecution of Protestants was not a success; not was it a disaster. If it did not help the catholic cause, it did not do much harm”
Reforms Cardinal Pole tried pushing (3)
- Ordered bishops to check clerical behaviour and discipline
- New book of Homilies and Catholic New Testament
- wanted seminaries in every diocese to train future priests
1547 changes (2)
- July; Book of Homilies; English sermons
- November; Dissolution of chantries; no praying to avoid purgatory
First Act of Uniformity (6)
Jan 1549
Ordered clergy to use Protestant practices
No marriage in the clergy
No singing masses for the dead
Everything in English
Laity could received both bread and wine in communion
Who supported Protestant reforms the most during Edward’s reign? (2)
- East Anglia
- London
Who were the most opposed to reforms during Edward’s reign (2)
- lower clergy, made most of the bishop population
- specifically Bishop Gardiner
Book of Homiles (2)
July 47
Provided clergy with model sermons
Erasmus Paraphrases (3)
July 47
Translated biblical paraphrases of the gospel (life death resurrection of Christ)
Edward ordered it to be placed in every church in his Royal Injunctions 47
Act of Six Articles repulsion (3)
- it was the basis of faith for the Catholic Church that was used by Henry VIII
- included Transubstantiation, Clerical celibacy, private masses
- Repulsion meant clergy could marry, and transubstantiation rejected, destroying catholic traditions
Chantries Act (4)
1547
Allowed dissolution of chantries, which were places were masses for the soul of the dead
Could be attack on believe as reformists didn’t believe in purgatory
But could be done to fund war against Scotland
What did the repulsion of Treason Act lead to (4)
More radical views and preaching
Unrest fuelled by iconoclastic attacks
Government struggles to control this; led to proclamations between Jan to April 48
Public preaching banned in Sep 48
First common book of prayer (3)
Included only 5 sacraments; Marriage Communion Confirmation Burial Baptism
Fast and holy days remained
Worship of saints discouraged
How did Edward ensure Protestant practices were carried out (2)
Under act of uniformity Clergy were forced to use new services unless fined or jailed
Bishops carried inspects eg Hopper I’m Gloucestershire
New Ordinal (2)
1550
Service book that detailed what priests and bishops had to do
What problems dos new Ordinal cause (4)
Hooper did not agree with swearing to saints and Priest’s surplice
Conflict with Cranmer
Hooper imprisoned for radical preaching
But released to take back role as bishop
Second prayer book (6)
1552
No traditional robes
No cross in confirmation
Altars replaced with communion table
Satisfied more radical reformers
Everyone had to abide by the new reforms
Second act of uniformity (3)
- this made Protestant practices more compulsory
- people forced to go to church on Sunday unless fined
- introduced Second common prayer book to enforce form of worship
6 goals Mary set out to pursue on religion
- undo religious changes since 1529
- restore papal authority
- restore traditional catholic practices and beliefs; eg transubstantiation
- end clerical marriage
- restore monastic property
- prosecute those against her
Worries about Mary’s religion approach? (3)
- Gardiner uncertain about papal authority
- Imperial ambassador Renard; concerned about returning monastic property
- Pope and Charles V concerned that quick movements would cause unrest
Parliament’a first reaction to repeal Act of Supremacy in 53
Refused to do so
Suggests they were anti-papal
Parliament’s reaction to heresy laws
Rejected it in 54
But then agrees when they were promised monastic lands not being returned to the church
Where did most heresy burnings take place in (4)
South east
London
Canterbury
Colchester
Why were most prosecutions around London during Mary’s reign (3)
Greatest population of Protestants
Near the central government, so increased pressure on local authorities
Included letters sent, encouraging local authorities to respond to heresies
