ST:9 Flashcards
Which of the following is a primary source of radiation exposure to the technologist who performs PET imaging:
(a) electromagnetic radiation from the PET camera
(b) positrons escaping from the patient
(c) gamma rays from the long lived source for transmission scanning
(d) compton scatter from the patient
(d) compton scatter from the patient
What is the standard maximum acceptable % energy resolution measured with Cs137 for a Na(Tl) scintillation detector:
(a) 20%
(b) 8%
(c) 22%
(d) 12%
(d) 12%
Data collected from a red cell survival procedure are plotted on what type of graph paper:
(a) log-log
(b) semilog
(c) logit-log
(d) linear
(b) semilog
For Tc99m there are approximately 20 contributors to the internal radiation dose. Included are all of the following except:
(a) auger and internal conversion electrons
(b) gamma rays
(c) characteristic x-ray
(d) beta particles
(d) beta particles
Which of the following Tc99m labeled agents is the preferred tracer for demonstrating intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding:
(a) lidofenin
(b) human serum albumin
(c) sulfur colloid
(d) red blood cells
(d) red blood cells
When a technologist cares for a patient who is not known to have a communicable disease, all of the following infection control measures should be implements EXCEPT:
(a) wearing gloves when collecting a blood sample
(b) using a needle recapping device
(c) hand washing before and after the nuclear examination
(d) decontaminating image equipment with an antiseptic
(d) decontaminating image equipment with an antiseptic
Dedicated PET scanners use _______ for the detector:
a) lead
(b) NaI
(c) BGO (Bismuth Germinate
(d) ionization chamber
(c) BGO (Bismuth Germinate)
After stress myocardial imaging with Tl201-thallous chloride, 1-1.5 mCi of Tl-201 thallous chloride may be administered before rest myocardial imaging to:
(a) demonstrate reversible ischemia more readily
(b) minimize visualization of attenuation artifacts
(c) demonstrate infarct size more precisely
(d) improve patient throughput
(a) demonstrate reversible ischemia more readily
In what way does the modified in-vivo method of labeling of red blood cells with Tc99m pertechnetate differ from the in-vivo method:
(a) the modified method requires a smaller amount of stannous pyrophosphate
(b) the modified method “pretins” only a small volume of the patients blood
(c) the modified method mixes Tc99m pertechnetate with only a small volume of the patients blood
(d) the modified method uses a smaller activity of Tc99m pertechnetate
(c) the modified method mixes Tc99m pertechnetate with only a small volume of the patients blood
If 740 kBq of a radiopharmaceutical are the be administered for each kilogram of body weight, approximately how much activity (in MBq) should be administered to a patient who weighs 172 pounds.
(a) 9.5 MBq
(b) 280 MBq
(c) 58 MBq
(d) 78 MBq
(c) 58 MBq
In performing a gastric emptying study, imaging should begin:
(a) 1 hour after meal consumption, then every 15 minutes for the next hour
(b) immediately after meal consumption, then every 15 minutes for at least 2 hours
(c) immediately after meal consumption, then every 5 minutes for at least 1 hour
(d) 15 minutes after meal consumption, then every 15 minutes for 1 hour
(b) immediately after meal consumption, then every 15 minutes for at least 2 hours
Which of the following personnel monitors would be appropriate for use when monitors are changed at 3 month intervals:
(a) OSL
(b) TLD or OSL
(c) TLD
(d) film badge
(b) TLD or OSL
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the modified in vivo method for labeling red blood cells with Tc99m pertechnetate:
(a) only a sample of the patients blood is incubated with the reconstituted with the stannous pyrophosphate
(b) a sample of the patients “pretinned” blood is incubated with Tc99m pertechnetate outside of the patient
(c) excess Tc99m pertechnetate is removed from the blood sample before the sample is reinjected into the patient
(d) red cell labeling takes place only within the patients circulatory system
(b) a sample of the patients “pretinned” blood is incubated with Tc99m pertechnetate outside of the patient
Based on the data shown here:
Cardiac ROI: 28,503 total counts, 417 pixels
Background ROI: 1,859 total counts, 88 pixels
What are the net counts in the cardiac region of interest:
(a) 26,644
(b) 28,065
(c) 15,463
(d) 19,694
(d) 19,694
1859/88= 21.1 background/pixel
417 x 21.1= 8799 Cardiac ROI background counts/pixel
28,503 - 8799 = approx 19,704 Net counts in Cardiac ROI
If the usual adult dosage of Tc99m MAA is 4mCi, a patient who has had a right pneumonectomy should receive what dosage:
(a) 2 mCi
(b) 1 mCi
(c) 4 mCi
(d) 3 mCi
(a) 2 mCi
A “sharps” container reads 50 mR/h when it is placed in storage. It contains only Tc99m waste. According to NRC regulations, when can the container be disposed of as nonradioactive biohazardous waste:
(a) when the exposure rate drops to 1/100 of the original exposure rate
(b) when the container gives only a background reading with a survey meter
(c) when the container gives only a background reading with a wipe test
(d) when the exposure rate drops to 1/10 of the original exposure rate
(b) when the container gives only a background reading with the survey meter
In performing a thyroid uptake, a technologist collects the thyroid counts 5 cm from the surface of the patients neck and the standard counts 20 cm from the surface of the neck phantom. What is the effect on the thyroid uptake value calculated from this data:
(a) the uptake value will be accurate
(b) the uptake value will be falsely decreased
(c) the results are unpredictable
(d) the uptake value will be falsely increased
(d) the uptake value will be falsely increased
According to NRC regulations, radioactive waste can be decayed in storage if:
(a) the exposure rate at the time of storage is less than 5 mR/h at the surface
(b) it has a physical half life of less than 1 year
(c) the exposure rate at the time of storage is less than 5 R/h at the surface
(d) it has a physical half life of less than 120 days
(d) it has a physical half life of less than 120 days
One advantage of the in vivo of Tc99m red cell tagging is that:
(a) smaller amounts of stannous chloride are required
(b) all circulating red cells are labeled with tracer
(c) no incubation times are required at any step in the process
(d) no manipulation of blood cells outside the body is required
(d) no manipulation of blood cells outside the body is required
Indium 111 DTPA is administered _______ for cisternography:
(a) intramuscularly
(b) intrathecally
(c) subcutaneously
(d) orally
(b) intrathecally
The shelf life of most Tc99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals is:
(a) 4-6 hours
(b) 16-18 hours
(c) 6-8 hours
(d) 10-12 hours
(c) 6-8 hours
According to the NRC, decay in storage records must include the date that the radioactive material was:
(a) disposed
(b) calibrated
(c) received
(d) placed in storage
(a) disposed
What is the standard deviation of 40,000 counts:
(a) 2000 counts
(b) 200 counts
(c) 4000 counts
(d) 400 counts
(b) 200 counts
The gamma camera seems to be producing erratic results. A Co57 floor source is counted 10 times, producing the following count values: 1000, 975, 1032, 1096, 982, 997, 1012, 1090, 994, 977. What is the c2 value for these counts:
(a) 19.3
(b) 16.3
(c) 17.3
(d) 18.3
(c) 17.3
30% of 7 mL =
(a) 2.3 mL
(b) 2.10 mL
(c) 4.9 mL
(d) 0.23 mL
(b) 2.10 mL
An atom is:
(a) the smallest quantity of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element
(b) can be broken into smaller particles to combine with other elements
(c) the smallest particle of a chemical compound that retains all the chemical properties of that element
(d) a form of electromagnetic radiation
(a) the smallest quantity of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element
Isotopes are different forms of a specific element that have:
(a) a different number of neutrons
(b) a different number of electrons
(c) a different number of atomic mass
(d) a different number of protons
(a) a different number of neutrons
40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca are examples of:
(a) isotones
(b) isomers
(c) isotopes
(d) isobars
(d) isobars
isobars- atoms have same mass number
isotones- atoms have same number of neutrons
isotopes- atoms have same number of protons
isomers- atoms same element different excited states
Positron decay comes from the nucleus that is:
(a) proton-poor
(b) neutron-poor
(c) nucleon-poor
(d) electron-poor
(b)
Positron decay happens when a proton changes into a neutron and ejects a positron
Annihilation is a reaction between:
(a) protons and neutrons
(b) x-rays and gamma rays
(c) electrons and positrons
(d) electrons and protons
(c) electrons and positrons
The transition of Tc99m to Tc99 is considered to be:
(a) isomeric
(b) isotropic
(c) isobaric
(d) isotonic
(a) isomeric
Removal of an electron from a neutral atom is called:
(a) ionization
(b) bonding
(c) excitation
(d) pairing
(a) ionization
The minimum MeV photon energy required for pair production is:
(a) 10.22
(b) 1.022
(c) 0.511
(d) 5.110
(b) 1.022 MeV
In the photoelectric process, the incoming photon:
(a) scatters with an increase in energy
(b) scatters with no change of energy
(c) is completely absorbed
(d) scatters with a loss of energy
(c) is completely absorbed
The relationship between the linear attenuation coefficient (u) and the half-value layer (HVL) is given by:
(a) HVL/u=0.693
(b) HVLu2=0.693
(c) HVL=0.693/u
(d) HVL=0.693u
(c) HVL=0.693/u
The gas in a dose calibrator is usually:
(a) argon
(b) helium
(c) quenching
(d) air
(a) argon
Which detector has the greatest sensitivity for detecting radiation:
(a) ionization chamber
(b) GM meter
(c) body badge
(d) dose calibrator
(b) GM meter
In nuclear medicine, the ability of a system to accurately depict two separate events is called:
(a) sensitivity
(b) accuracy
(c) precision
(d) resolution
(d) resolution
When using a uptake probe:
(a) no collimator is used
(b) an internal pinhole collimator is used
(c) a high sensitivity collimator is used
(d) a flat-field collimator is used
(d) a flat-field collimator is used
When using a probe or well counter, lower and upper level pulse discrimination is achieved by:
(a) using the gain
(b) using filter
(c) using a collimator
(d) using a window
(d) using a window