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Speech Sound Disorders > SSD Quiz 1 > Flashcards

SSD Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

process consisting of 2 or more people sharing information, refers to any way we convey information from one person to another

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2
Q

Speech

A

most widely used means of communication, expression of thoughts in spoken words, verbal output

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3
Q

Under umbrella of speech

A

articulation, fluency, voice

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4
Q

Articulation

A

motor production of speech sounds

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5
Q

Fluency

A

flow of speech, rate and rhythm

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6
Q

Voice

A

vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance

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7
Q

Language

A

complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used for various modes for thought and communication, rule governed

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8
Q

Under the umbrella of language

A

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

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9
Q

Communication Disorders

A

impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts

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10
Q

Many different types of communication disorders…

A

speech, language, hearing, central auditory processing

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11
Q

Speech Disorder

A

indicates oral, verbal communication that is so deviant from the norm that it is noticeable or interferes with communication

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12
Q

Examples of speech disorders

A

articulation disorder (lisp), fluency disorder (stutter) or voice disorder (loss of voice)

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13
Q

Language Disorder

A

impaired comprehension and or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems, may involve phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

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14
Q

Hearing Disorder

A

impaired auditory sensitivity leads to a hearing impairment

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15
Q

Central auditory processing

A

difficulties with information processing of auditory signals that are not the result of hearing impairment

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16
Q

Articulation vs phonology

A

Articulation: subcategory of speech, motor processes, consists of phones
Phonology: subcategory of language, understanding of sound systems in a language, consists of phonemes

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17
Q

Phones vs Phonemes

A

phones relate to articulation, just simply the production of a sound vs phoneme is related to phonology, when combined with other unites distinguish meaning between words

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18
Q

Phonology

A

study of how phonemes are organized and function in a language

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19
Q

Phonotactics

A

allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language

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20
Q

Example of ASL phonology?

A

movement, location, repetitions

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21
Q

Speech Sound Disorders

A

umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production or phonological representation of speech sounds and segments

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22
Q

Articulation Disorder

A

atypical articulation (substitutions, omissions, additions and distortions) interfering with intelligibility, errors can be age appropriate or atypical, can cause frustration

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23
Q

Phonological Disorder

A

Impaired understanding of the phonological system of a particular language, if child produces swing, sing, ring and wing as wing they are not using required phonemic contrasts to indicate differences in meaning of words

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24
Q

Are articulation and phonology mutually exclusive?

A

NO, articulation is form (production) and phonology is functions (linguistic understanding)

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25
Assessment of articulation/phonological disorder
1. phonetic inventory: list all phones produced 2. phonemic inventory: list of phonemes used to differentiate meaning, whichever sounds are being substituted 3. phonotactic constraints: can they use target phonemes in all possible positions of the word? ex child might use /k/ in cat but in cake the word would be /kei/
26
Oral and Pharyngeal Cavity in Newborn
-oral and pharyngeal cavity used for sucking and swallowing actions -tongue fills the oral cavity completely leaving practically no space for the buccal area -production of sounds are severely restricted
27
Newborn Larynx
-larynx is close to the angle between neck and chin -restricted position which does not allow the vocal tract to efficiently elongate
28
Anatomical changes by 1st birthday
-laryngeal and pharyngeal cavity expands -changes in form and mobility of the arytenoid cartilages (vocal folds), soft palate and tongue -fine tuning and coordination of lips, mandible, tongue and velar movements
29
Early speech perception
-auditory experiences begin before birth (3rd trimester) -fetus have a clear sensitivity to melody contours in language and music -newborns prefer mothers voice -cry melodies appear to be shaped by native language
30
Categorical Perception
-tendency of listeners to perceive differences in speech sounds according to classification of their native language -demonstrated via sucking rate study
31
Perceptual Constancy
ability to identify same sounds across difference speakers, pitches, and others changing environmental conditions
32
Phonemic Contrasts
-differentiating between phonemes that signal differences in word meanings -some contrasts develop earlier then others for example /b-d/ 18 months /s-z/ 24 months
33
Prelinguistic stage 1
reflexive crying and vegetative sounds (birth to 2 months)
34
Prelinguistic stage 2
cooing/gooing and laughter or controlled phonation (1-4 months)
35
Prelinguistic stage 3
vocal play or expansion (3-8 months)
36
Prelinguistic stage 4
basic canonical babbling (5-10 months)
37
Prelinguistic stage 5
advanced forms (9-18 months), jargon, diphthongs, echolalia this babbling stage overlaps with the first meaningful words
38
Canonical Babbling
reduplicated or non-reduplicated babbling (variegated babbling)
39
vocoids and contoids
are nonphonemic vowel/consonant like productions, attempts
40
Syllable Shape
-late in babbling period, open syllable babbling is most frequent ex: V, CV, VCV, CVCV -by 24 months toddlers expand on their syllable structures considerably ex: CVC, CVCVC, CCVC
41
Prosodic Features
consider stress and intonation of a language, infants in canonical babbling phase are beginning to learn prosodic features
42
The beginning of linguistic phase is what age?
first 50-word stage, by 12-24 months
43
The first 50-word stage
-refers to the time children begin using first words up to 18-24 months -an entity of relatively stable phonetic form that is produced consistently by a child in a particular context and is recognizable related to the adult-like word form of a particular language ex: /ba/ for ball vs /dodo/ for ball -usually begin to combine words in this stage (approx. 18 months)
44
Invented forms
child uses a 'word' consistently but not in recognizable adult forms
45
vocables
like real words but do not carry meaning
46
protowords (phonetically consistent forms)
function as real words but not based on adult models, considered the link between babbling and adult-like speech
47
Who are "late talkers"?
- at 24 months, child has <50 word vocabulary AND/OR -phonetic inventory with only 4-5 consonants and limited variety of vowels
48
Pre-schooler (3-4 yr old)
-by the end of preschool years a complete phonological system has emerged
49
Development of Vowels
- 18 months: acquisition of a, U, i, I, schwa with correct productive 23-71% - 24 months: the only vowels that did not reach 70% accuracy were er stressed and unstressed - by 3 years old, all vowels
50
Phonological Processes: Syllable Structure Processes
- the general tendency of young children to reduce words to basic CV structures - reduplication, final consonant deletion, unstressed syllable deletion or weak syllable deletion, cluster reduction, epenthesis
51
Phonological Processes: Substitution Processes
when one sound is substituted for another, stopping, fronting, gliding, consonant cluster substitution
52
Phonological process: Assimilation processes
when one speech sound influences another, regressive assimilation
53
Phonemic Awareness
subcategory of phonological awareness, refers only to the phoneme level
54
Reduplication
- syllable structure process -repeating syllable or part of syllable to create a word -baba instead of bottle
55
final consonant deletion
- syllable structure process -omitting a singleton consonant at the end of the word -ex cat --> /kae/
56
Unstressed or weak syllable deletion
-syllable structure process -deletes a weak or unstressed syllable -nana instead of banana
57
Epenthesis
-syllable structure process -adding a sound between two consonant -typically stressed schwa -black --> balack
58
Cluster reduction
-syllable structure process -omitting one of more consonants in a sequence of consonants ex grape --> /gep/ -cluster reduction with S omits the s in the intial position of cluster ex step --> tep
59
Stopping
-substitution process -adding a stop in place of a fricative or affricate -toap instead of soap -/p, b, t, d, k, g/
60
Fronting
- substituting a front sound for a back sound -can --> tan -dog --> dod -key --> tey
61
Gliding
-substitution -r and l are often substituted with w
62
Consonant Cluster substitution
-when one sound in a cluster is substituted for another sound -princess --> pwincess -green --> gween
63
Regressive assimilation
-assimilation process -sound is impacted by the sound that comes after it -have to sounds likes haf to -information sounds like imformation

Speech Sound Disorders (2 decks)

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