SS Test 6/12/24 Flashcards
What type of people signed the Declaration of Independence?
Wealthy, white, protestant, male land owners/governors.
Who were the authors of the Declaration of Independence?
- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Jefferson
- John Adams
- Roger Sherman
- Robert Livingston
What was the Declaration of Independence?
A letter to King George III.
When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
July 2nd 1776.
When was the Second Continental Congress?
May 10 1775
When was the Declaration of Independence created? (By the Committee of Five)
May 1775 (During Second Continental Congress)
Where was the Declaration of Independence made? (By the Committee of Five)
Pennsylvania State House, Philadelphia
Why was the Declaration of Independence made?
To inform King George III why they are separating from Britain.
What percentage of Colonists were Loyalists?
~15-20%
What Colonies had large Loyalist populations?
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Southern Colonies.
When was the French & Indian War? Who were fighting?
1763, the French and the Indians were fighting the British.
How did Colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Proclamation require?
Colonists wrote letters to King George III and Parliament. The Proclamation required Colonists to live east of the Appalachians.
When was the Stamp Act? What did it require? How did Colonists react?
1765, Colonists must buy stamps (tax) for paper items. Colonists sent letters to Britain, refused to buy stamps, attacking tax collectors. Britain repealed it in 1766.
When was the Quartering Act? What did it require? How did Colonists React?
1765, Colonists need to provide housing and supplies for troops, New York refuses to provide supplies, Colonists get very angry.
Why did Colonists get angry at Britain for making things such as the Stamp Act, Quartering Act, etc.
The Colonists didn’t have representation in Parliament.
When were the Townshend Acts? What did it require? How did Colonists react?
1767, tax on imported goods from Britain. Colonists boycotted British goods, repealed 1770 except the tax on tea.
The tax were on things such as tea, glass, paper, paint, etc.
How many people died in the Boston Massacre? When was it?
5 people died, 1773
What was the Boston Tea Party?
When 90,000 lbs of tea were dropped into the harbour in Boston.
Who caused the Boston Tea Party?
The Sons of Liberty (disguised as Natives)
Why did the Boston Tea Party happen?
To protest on taxes created without Colonist’s permission. (specifically the Tea Act)
What did the King call the Intolerable Acts?
The Coercive Acts
What were the Intolerable Acts’ purpose?
To show Colonists that the King was in control, and to punish them for Massachusetts’ Boston Tea Party
What were the Intolerable Acts?
- Boston Port Act
Closes Boston Harbour - Massachussets Government Act
Replaces Colonies (elected) governer with appointed governer by King George III - Administration of Justice Act
British officials have trials in Britain (no justice) - Quartering Act
Colonists have to pay for troops’ supplies
When was the First Continental Congress? Which colonies’ representatives’ weren’t sent?
What was it for?
September 1774, Georgia wasn’t sent, to decide on what to do against Britain.
What did the First Continental Congress decide?
Send messages to King George III, boycott British goods, meet again in 1775.
Who caused Lexington and Concord? When was it?
General Gage, April 18 1775
Why did Lexington and Concord happen?
Colonists hid lots of gunpowder and weaponry in Concord, and Lexington was on the road on the way to Concord.
Who said “Give me liberty, or give me death!”?
Patrick Henry
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
When was Common Sense written?
Early 1776 (before D.O.I.)
Generally, who were Loyalists?
British Government Officials, Farmers, Merchants, Religious People
What are the three big ideas in the Declaration of Independence?
1) All men (white, land-owning protestants) are created equal.
2) Men (white, land-owning protestants) are endowed with unalienable (natural) rights.
3) Governments exist to protect/secure the natural rights.
If governments don’t protect rights, people have the right to overthrow.
Unalienable rights: Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
What were Patriot reactions to the Declaration of Independence?
- Supportive
- Celebratory
- Inspired
- Sense of unity
What was the British’s reaction to the Declaration of Independence?
- Angered
- Called it treason
- Sent hundreds and thousands of troops
Why was Common Sense written?
To persuade Colonists to form an independent republic.
How did Patriots react to Common Sense?
They praised the Thomas Paine.
How did the British react to Common Sense?
Horrified, viewed Thomas as a traitor, mocked it, threatended Thomas, wrote counter-arguments
What was the purpose of Patrick Henry’s speech?
To convince others that they needed to opose Britain.
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Who was the intended audience of Patrick Henry’s speech?
The delegates at the Virginia Convention.
List all causes of the revolution
- Proclamation of 1763
- The Townshend Acts
- Sugar and stamp act
- Boston Massacre
- Tea Act- The Boston Tea Party
- The intolerable acts
- 1st continental congress
- Common sense
- Declaration of Independence
How did Patriots react to Patrick Henry’s speech?
Inspired, supportive
How did the British react to Patrick Henry’s speech?
Disagreed, but unbothered.
Why was the Battle of Lexington and Concord important for independence?
It was before the Declaration of Independence was created, and it was a battle between Britain and the Colonies, showing how seperated they are.
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
A petition sent to Britain before the Declaration of Independence in order to avoid war. (last chance)
What was the French and Indian war fighting over?
Territory and power.
When was King George III begun his reign?
1760
What was the purpose of the Stamp Act?
To pay off the large debt from the French and Indian war.
Why is the fact that Britain repealed the Stamp Act important?
It told the Colonists that they had some power over Britain.
What were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?
Colonists who fought for independence.
Who are some of the most well known Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams, John Adams, Paul Revere, Patrick Henry
idk about patrick henry, fact check me
Who persuaded Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts (except the Tea Act)?
Lord North, a new leader
Why did John Adams side with the soldiers in the Boston Massacre?
John Adams believed the soldiers should have a fair trial, and the soldiers weren’t at fault as the act was self defense.
What was the point of the Tea Act?
An attempt to rescue the British East India Company
What did Boston Patriots declare after they were given the Intolerable Acts after the Boston Tea Party?
they would rather abandon their city to flames before paying a penny for the lost tea.
Who was elected and proposed to be the leader of the Continental Army by John Adams?
George Washington
What was the Continental Army?
An army made up of troops from all the colonies
After how many tries did the British finally capture Breed’s Hill? Why did the Americans retreat?
3 tries, Colonists ran out of gunpowder.
How many barrels of gunpowder did the Continental Army have after the Battle of Bunker Hill
36 barrels, enough for each soldier to have 9 shots.
Why did General Howe abandon Dorchester Heights?
Because he saw many cannons there, and he didn’t want to risk anything.
How many copies of Common Sense were sold in a few months after releasing it?
Over 120,000 copies
When was the Battle of Bunker Hill?
June 16 1775
