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Social Studies > SS Midterm Grade 8 > Flashcards

SS Midterm Grade 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 themes of geography?

A

Movement, Location, Human-Environment Interaction, Region, and Place

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2
Q

What are the 2 basic questions of geography?

A

Where are things located?

Why are they there?

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3
Q

Describe the difference between absolute and relative location

A 
Absolute= exact location
Relative= landmarks and characteristics
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4
Q

What are the 8 traits of culture?

A

Religion, Art, History, Social Groups, Government, Language, Economy, and Daily Life

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5
Q

Define indigenous

A

Characteristic of that place, often used to describe people

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6
Q

Define infrastructure

A

Structures, buildings, facilities in a country (roads, ports, schools)

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7
Q

Define paternalism

A

Outside power treating people as children who do not deserve rights

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8
Q

Define assimilation

A

Adopting new culture, often forced upon people

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9
Q

Define boycott

A

Refusal to buy a product or good usually in protest

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10
Q

Define nationalism

A

Pride in one’s country

exp. Africa for Africans

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11
Q

Define subsistence farming

A

Only farm what you need, farm for survival/ make a living

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12
Q

Define specialized economy

A

Economy is based on only one thing

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13
Q

Define monotheism

A

Believe in only one god

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14
Q

Who is the founder of Islam?

A

Muhammad

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15
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A 
If able, pilgrimage to Mecca
Pray five times a day (facing Mecca)
Pay a yearly tax (tithe)
Fast during Ramadan
Believe in one god, Allah
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16
Q

What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

A 
Shia= want Ali to succeed Muhammad
Sunni= want the best candidate to succeed Muhammad
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17
Q

What made the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay powerful?

A

They were the center of trade, possessed gold and salt mines

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18
Q

Who was the most powerful leader of Mali?

A

Mansa Musa, took a hajj to Mecca and tossed around gold

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19
Q

What religion spread throughout the West African empires?

A

Islam

20
Q

What were the roles of Africans in the Atlantic Slave Trade?

A

Africans sold other Africans into slavery. At first, it was just prisoners of war, criminals, or debtors (people who owed money).

21
Q

What were the primary products from each area that participated in the Triangular Trade Route?

A

America—Europe: crops like sugar, tobacco cotton
Europe—Africa: weapons and manufactured goods
Africa—America: slaves

22
Q

What was the name of the slave portion of the Triangular Trade Route?

A

The Middle Passage

23
Q

What drove the demand for slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade?

A

To work on plantations

24
Q

Why did the Atlantic Slave Trade introduce a racist ideology?

A

They justified slavery by claiming Africans were biologically inferior.

25
Q

What are the three reasons for European imperialism?

A

Economic
Political
Cultural

26
Q

What is the reason for economic imperialism?

A

Natural resources

Additional markets for European goods

27
Q

What is the reason for political imperialism?

A

Get more power/land

Make the empire larger

28
Q

What is the reason for cultural imperialism?

A

Spread religion/culture

Adopt/Civilize African people

29
Q

What was the Berlin Conference?

A

European countries gathered in Germany to agree on how to divide Africa without fighting. Africans were not present.

30
Q

Define direct control

A

Foreign officials are used to govern

31
Q

Define indirect control

A

Local rulers govern under oversight from Europeans

32
Q

Who was King Leopold II and what did he do?

A

King of Belgium, took over the Congo and forced people to work under horrific conditions.

33
Q

What made Ethiopia successful?

A

Emperor Menelik II negotiated with European powers and stockpiled modern weapons.

34
Q

What were the positive effects of colonial rule in Africa?

A

Improved sanitation, healthcare, education, infrastructure (roads, railroads, communications), reduce local warfare, economic expansion (African products became valued on global market)

35
Q

What are the negative effects of colonial rule in Africa?

A

loss of land/independence, artificial boundaries that grouped together enemies and split tribes, unprepared to run a democracy, breakdown of African culture, death brought by Europeans, and families were separated.

36
Q

What are the struggles of post colonial Africa?

A

Military coups/ military would take over the gov’t

Struggling without knowledge of democracy

37
Q

What is apartheid?

A

Afrikaans for separate/ a part
Racial segregation in South Africa
148 laws made by white minority

38
Q

Who was Nelson Mandela?

A

President of the African National Congress
First democratically elected black president of South Africa
Went to jail while fighting for rights

39
Q

What are the causes and effects of unequal water distribution?

A 
Causes= dams, no rain , few rivers
Effects= tension between countries, lack of water for agriculture
40
Q

What are the causes and effects of water pollution?

A 
Causes= sewage, dams reducing fresh water flow, salt water mixing into fresh water
Effects= disease/death
41
Q

Why do rentier states limit the rights of their citizens?

A

Government makes money selling natural resources so they don’t change taxes for services.
No taxes= no vote

42
Q

What are the consequences of unequal distribution of wealth in the oil-rich Middle East?

A

Creates tension
Foreign workers are treated poorly
People are suspicious of foreign aid

43
Q

What is the difference between ethnicity and religion?

A

Ethnicity shares common characteristics. Religion is your belief system.

44
Q

Why did the United States organize a coup of the democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister in 1953?

A

America concerned that Iran might turn into communism

He nationalized Iran’s oil, taking it away from Britain

45
Q

Who was the Shah?

A

The King of Iran, Reza Pahlavi

Supported western interests by the was corrupt and ruled through terror

46
Q

What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

A

Students stormed US embassy in Tehran and took 66 hostages and demanded the return of the Shah who was in America for cancer treatment. President Carter tried a rescue mission, but it failed. The Shah died, US released Iranian assets and hostages came home once President Reagan was inaugurated.

Social Studies (4 decks)

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