SS finals Flashcards
What were the key points of Thomas Jefferson’s first inaugural address?
Reducing debt, cutting military spending, and emphasizing Laissez-Faire economics.
What was significant about Washington’s Judiciary Act of 1789?
It created federal courts.
What were the components of Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
Assumption of state debts, creation of a Bank of the U.S., protective tariffs.
What were the components of Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
Assumption of state debts, creation of a Bank of the U.S., protective tariffs.
What led to the Marbury v. Madison case?
William Marbury sued for his appointment papers not delivered by James Madison.
What were the main differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson’s
Hamilton favored a strong national government; Jefferson supported states’ rights.
What economic system did Hamilton advocate for?
An economy based on industry.
How did the United States acquire Florida from Spain?
Through the Adams-Onís Treaty, following Andrew Jackson’s military actions.
What was the Louisiana Purchase, and what were its implications?
The U.S. acquired 828,000 square miles from France for $15 million, doubling its size.
What characterized the Era of Good Feelings during Monroe’s presidency?
Political unity and the decline of the Federalist Party.
What were the Barbary Wars, and what prompted them?
Conflicts with Ottoman pirates over tribute payments for safe passage.
What was Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality?
It declared the U.S. would remain neutral in the conflict between Britain and France.
What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Laws that made it a crime to criticize the government and restricted immigration.
What was Thomas Jefferson’s stance towards France during his term as Secretary of State?
He favored close ties and supported their revolution.
Who was the first President of the United States?
George Washington.
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
It tested the strength of the national government under the Constitution.
What were the effects of the War of 1812 on the United States?
Increased national pride, end of the Federalist Party, and opening territory for settlement.
What led to the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Tensions with Native American resistance led by Tecumseh against American expansion.
How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?
He sent the U.S. army to put it down.
Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what was their purpose?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison; to argue for states’ rights against federal laws.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807, and what were its consequences?
It halted trade with all foreign nations, harming the U.S. economy.
Who were Lewis and Clark, and what was their expedition’s purpose?
Explorers tasked with finding a route to the Pacific and documenting new resources.
What was the XYZ Affair, and how did it affect U.S.-France relations?
It involved French officials demanding bribes; it heightened anti-French sentiments. (resulted in undeclared war)
Which political parties emerged during Adams’ presidency?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
What were the main causes of the War of 1812?
forcing of American sailors to serve in the military, trade restrictions, and British support for Native American resistance.
What was the outcome of the Marbury v. Madison case, and why was it significant?
Established judicial review; confirmed the Supreme Court’s authority to declare laws unconstitutional.
Who were the War Hawks, and what did they advocate for?
Congress members who pushed for war to expand U.S. territory, including Henry Clay and John Calhoun.
Who were the members of Washington’s first cabinet?
Henry Knox, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph.
What marked the election of 1800 as the ‘Revolution of 1800’?
It was the first peaceful transfer of power between parties in U.S. history.
How did Andrew Jackson become a national hero during the War of 1812?
His leadership at the Battle of New Orleans secured a significant victory.
Who were the first 5 presidents of the USA?
George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison & James Monroe
what the the Judiciary act of 1789?
Created federal courts
who was the secretary of Treasury?
Alexander Hamilton
What was the proclamation of Neutrality?
a formal announcement issued by U.S. President George Washington on April 22, 1793, that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between revolutionary France and Great Britain.
What did Washingtons farewell address state?
-Warned against political parties
-Warned against “entangling alliances” with foreign nations (led to the precedent of non-intervention in foreign affairs)
T0wo Term presidencies
What was the XYZ afffair?
a failed negotiation attempt between the United States and the revolutionary new French government which needed money during its defensive war with Great Britain
What was the Alien and Sedation acts?
-Made it a crime to criticize the president or gov’t leaders
-This attack on free speech backfired & badly damaged the Federalist Party & Adams
what was the Virginia and Kentucky Resolution?
They were responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts, asserting that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
Who won the Barbay wars?
The USA
What was the Louisiana purchase?
The Louisiana Purchase was an 1803 land deal that involved France selling the Louisiana Territory to the United States.
What was the lewis and clark expedition?
a federally funded venture to explore the North American West.
What was the Embargo act and what did it do?
closed U.S. ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain.
How did the battle of Tippacanoe start?
In 1811, Harrison worried that Tecumseh would attack so he decided to send 1,000 troops to Prophetstown.
Tecumseh heard of Harrison’s approach and sent warriors out to meet him.They came together at a place called Tippecanoe and a battle began.
What was the Battle of Lake Erie?
The Battle of Lake Erie was a major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensuring U.S. control over the lake and precluding any territorial cession to Great Britain in the peace settlement.
What was the Treaty of Ghent?
Ended the Battle of New Orleans.
Who was Andrew Jackson
7th president of the USA but before was a great US general to the army.
Who was James Monroe?
5th president of the USA.
What is Manifest Destiny?
the belief that Americans had the right if not the duty to expand and claim the lands from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
What was the Treaty of 1819?
Spain gave Florida to the US
What is the Tariff of Abomination
Congress passed a bill that greatly raised tariffs (taxes) on raw materials and manufactured goods
How did people react to the Tariff of Abomination
The people were enraged.
What is the Doctrine of Nullification?
The Doctrine of Nullification said that a state had the right to nullify (reject) a federal law that it considers unconstitutional.
What did Andrew Jackson vow to destroy and why?
The Second Bank of the United States. Jackson believed that the Second Bank was evil and only helped the rich, not the average man.
Why is President Harrison Remebered?
He died 1 month after taking office
what is the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
Ended the Mexican and American war.
What is the Gadsden Purchase?
USA bough present day New Mexico and California from Mexico.
What was the California Gold rush?
a time period where hundreds of thousands of people move to California between 1948 and 1855, seeking their own fortunes by finding gold.
