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FINALS > SS FINAL > Flashcards

SS FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

FERTILE CRESCENT

A

the valley near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. This is its name because it contains rich and fertile soul and water; also known as Mesopotamia

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2
Q

SILT

A

damp, fertile soil

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3
Q

BEDOUIN

A

animal herders in Southwest Asia

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4
Q

SUEZ CANAL

A

a man-made waterway that crosses the Isthmus of Suez, connects Mediterranean and Red Sea

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5
Q

WADIS

A

dry riverbeds that fill with rainwater

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6
Q

AQUIFERS

A

a large underground water reserve

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7
Q

DESALINATION

A

plants used to remove salt from water (used to purify water)

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8
Q

NATURAL RESOURCES

A

substances, materials, and living things that can occur on or withing the Earth that have economic value, renewable or non-renewable

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9
Q

IMPERIALISM

A

the result of the need for increased natural resources by European and western nations

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10
Q

COLONIALISM

A

SIMILAR TO IMPERIALISM

a nation conquering/acquiring territory to use to its advantage

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11
Q

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

A

a group of Islamist and warriors, strong army

  • founded in 1300s
  • breakup at the end of WWII (mandates)
  • most of SW Asia controlled by Ottoman Empire
  • strict Islamists
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12
Q

NATIONALISM

A

belief in self-rule, reject outside influence

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13
Q

PAN-ARAB

A

word that describes anything related to the concept of a state of unity among Arab countries

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14
Q

PAN-AFRICANISM

A

a movement that has encouraged unity of all Africans and African descent

  • independence of Africans against European influence
  • began in 1700s, strengthened in 1900s
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15
Q

DICTATOR

A

a person who has ABSOLUTE CONTROL over a country

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16
Q

HEREDITARY MONARCH

A

a supreme ruler of a country who ascends to the throne because of birth order

  • Saudi Arabia ruled by Hereditary Monarchy
  • king also Prime Minister
  • form of government
17
Q

SECULAR

A

not specifically or openly religious; maintaining separation of church and state

  • US
  • Iraq
  • UK
  • Germany
  • Turkey
18
Q

FOSSIL FUELS

A

created from remains of plants and animals found in the ocean (formed with pressure, heat, etc)

  • turns into gas, coal, oil
  • fossil fuels are released into atmosphere and cause air pollution, commonly places with good supply (major producers) of fossil fuels
    * coal –> China
19
Q

CONSUMPTION

A

the use of resources to satisfy wants and needs

  • use of energy
  • results in destruction, deterioration, or transformation of resources
  • fossil fuels good example
  • once fossil fuel is used, it cannot be replaced
    * oil + gas account for 60% of Earth’s energy consumption
20
Q

SCARCITY

A

the needs and wants of a person or group exceed the resources available to meet needs and wants

  • countries competing over control of access to fossil fuels
  • limited resources (supply), (important, wanted, valuable)
  • companies, individuals, and countries rely on it
21
Q

WHY WAS THIS REGION SO VITAL FOR TRADE?

North Africa and Southwest Asia

A
  • because it is a crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa; located along important bodies of water (Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf)
22
Q

IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION

A
  • traders from the Arabian Peninsula traveled to India and learned how to use zeroes in their number system
  • schools and libraries in Egypt held books by Greek philosophers and astronomers
23
Q

THREE MAJOR RELIGIONS

A

ⒿⓊⒹⒶⒾⓈⓂ: Torah, Abraham, around 2000 BC, Moses, Abraham, Israelites, monotheistic, 10 Commandments, temple on high holy days, read the Torah, sabbath on Saturday

ⒸⒽⓇⒾⓈⓉⒾⒶⓃⒾⓉⓎ: Jesus + small group of Jews, 330 CE, Jesus, God, Apostles, Mary + Joseph, 4 gospels, Bible, kindness, Jesus, consecration, care for sick

ⒾⓈⓁⒶⓂ: Muhammad around 600s CE, Muhammad, Allah, Ishmael, followers of Muhammad, Muslims, Quran, submission to God, 5 Pillars, monotheistic, 5 Pillars of Islam

24
Q

CONFLICT IN JERUSALEM

A

ⒸⒶⓊⓈⒺ: ruled for many centuries by Muslims

ⒺⒻⒻⒺⒸⓉ: 1948 Israel declared war –> free, resulted in violence and war; Arab countries invaded Israel

25
Q

SPLIT WITHIN ISLAM

A

ⒸⒶⓊⓈⒺ: unclear who leader should be, Sadddam Hussein beliefs Shiites were too religious, Shi’a groups threaten Hussein’s power

ⒺⒻⒻⒺⒸⓉ: Shi’a - Ali supporters, Sunni - against Ali, groups killed + their towns destroyed (more Sunnis), major groups deprived of many important government jobs and opportunities

26
Q

BENEFITS AND DOWNSIDES TO OIL

A

BENEFITS: initially used to waterproof boats, used to oil machines II heats homes and generates electricity with oil
DOWNSIDES: high demands, pollution in oceans and on land, countries in the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia rely on oil for jobs + income, air pollution from cars, plants, etc., health problems in humans, CONFLICT OVER OIL

27
Q

OPEC

A

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

  • OPEC allows countries to save money when oil prices or production are low
    EMBARGO: a law that is passed to prohibit trade with (a) particular nation(s)
  • the OPEC Embargo was a law that was passed by Saudi Arabia (leader), so oil sales would end in the US and Western Europe RESULT –> OPEC countries got $$, and improved infrastructure, oil prices SKYROCKETED

FINALS (5 decks)

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