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SS China Test #1 > SS Final > Flashcards

SS Final Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Red vs. Expert Debate?

A

—Started when Lu Shaoqi and Den Xiaopeng disagreed with Mao’s plan during the Great Leap Forward
—Mao = Red
—Liu + Deng = Expert (wanted intellectuals to lead the revolution)
—Shaoqi won and his programs were enacted

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2
Q

Deng Xiaoping

A

—Leader of the experts
—Mao’s successors
—4 Modernizations
—Special economic zones

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3
Q

Liu Shaoqi

A

—Replaces Mao with Deng— to the expert side

—Wanted to continue capitalist economic programs

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4
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

—Greatly changes Chinese culture
—Tried to destroy what was left of Chinese Society
—Under the leadership of Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing, the CCP strictly regulated production of the arts (foreign + classical literature, and music was banned)

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5
Q

Peng Zhen

A

—Had been mayor of Beijing and was critical of Mao and he becomes in charge of the Cultural Revolution
—Put into a position where he was doomed to fail
—Failed assassination of Mao
—Becomes scape goat for the cultural revolution

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6
Q

Red Guards

A

—Comprised of 1 million students, young radicals
—They begin attacking schools because they are upset about the teaching method and curriculum
—Created much violence on the rise in 1966-1967

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7
Q

Jiang Qing

A

—Mao’s Wife
—Leader of the Gang of Four
—In charge of controlling the arts in China (banned all literature, music, art, etc. that was not communist

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8
Q

Gang of Four

A

—Begin to increase power during cultural revolution
—Jiang wants Mao to name her the leader after him but is not chosen
—Attempted coup results in the Gang being sent to jail
—No one ends up dying for their role in the cultural revolution

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9
Q

Lin Bao

A

—Mao designated him as his successor

—However Lin and Mao soon went against each other and Lin died in a plane crash as he was feeling to the Soviet Union

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10
Q

Zhou Enlai

A

—Tied very closely to Mao but never associated himself with the bad aspects of Mao
—Mao’s right hand man

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11
Q

Sino-Soviet Split

A

—China and Russian sign treaty in 1959 but Russia never holds up their end of the deal
—China helps soviets with Korean war thinking soviets will return the favor, but they are wrong
—1960—> split acknowleged on both sides
—China is then left on its own (Russia has the Warsaw pact)

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12
Q

What was the rationale for the cultural revolution?

A

—For Mao, it was an attempt to get revenge on Liu and Deng who had forced him out of power
—It was a means for which Mao could regain control of China

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13
Q

What are the two ways we can view the cultural revolution?

A

—As a power struggle within the CCP between the Red and Expert sides
—As Mao’s attempt to recreate a new society and culture in China

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14
Q

Cultural Revolution Goals?

A

Mao’s goal was to modernize China whilst simultaneously eradicating certain traditions of Chinese culture

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15
Q

What were the consequences of the Cultural Revolution?

A

—Completed the communist revolution
—Tried to destroy what was left of traditional Chinese Culture
—Represents complete socialist transition of China
—Devastation of China’s economy
-production decrease
-college graduates not ready

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16
Q

Nixon’s visit to China

A

—Nixon thought that reopening relations with China would be a huge boost to his legacy
—Big deal:
-first visit by a sitting US president
-marks beginning of US relations with China
-made possible by Detente
—Results in Shanghai Communique
—Put pressure on Soviet Union

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17
Q

How did Deng Describe Mao?

A

—70% good, 30% bad

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18
Q

Hua Guofeng

A

—The new leader of the CCP
—A transitional leader who does not stay in power very long (1976-1978)
—Gang of Four tries to overthrow him
—Deng seats power in 1078

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19
Q

The Fate of the Gang of Four

A

The Gang of Four was eventually thrown in jail.
There was a trial and all four were convicted of crimes, and when the trial ends two members are sentenced to death, but no one is actually put to death.

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20
Q

Four Modernizations

A

Under Deng Xiaopeng
—Agriculture = successful people start eating better
—Industry = SEZ’s
—Defence = takes power away from People’s Liberation Army
—Science / Tech = Academic rigor is restored

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21
Q

What were special economic zones?

A

—China has a lot of natural resources which is why foreign countries are attracted to China
—Foreigners coming in and taking advantage of cheap labor (Starbucks, McDonnald’s in China

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22
Q

Li Peng

A

—Led the Maoists (opposition within the CCP)
—Complains about 4 modernizations
—Spoke out about corruption
—Viewed Deng’s policies as undermining China’s goal of Socialist Society

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23
Q

Pro-Deomocracy Movement

A

—Their biggest achievements were the Democracy wall protest in 1979
—They wanted a 5th modernization (democracy)
—Biggest protest was Tiananmen Square
Largely a failure we still see today

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24
Q

Conservatives

A

—Opposed capitalism and western ideas of freedom

—One of the major figures of this group was Li Peng

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25
Q

Reformers

A

—Support of Deng appeared to have embraced many western concepts of freedom and blames protests on the quick pace of economic development that had not been accompanied by appropriate political reforms

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26
Q

Fang Lizhi

A

—International well-know leader of dissident movement
—Wrote “China needs democracy”
—Believed China needs to abandon socialism
—Called for an end to socialism

27
Q

What were 5 conflict related to Deng’s Reforms?

A

—The return of the classes, wealth gap comes back
—The New “treaty ports” (SEZ’s), foreigners taking advantage
—Inflation
—One child families
—Opposition within the CCP
—Increase in corruption

28
Q

What is the legacy of the Cultural Revolution?

A

—Very negative
—Closing down schools had a huge effect on students
—Up to 100 million people are killed
—An entire generation of students who are not being educated properly
—Anything that is not communist is banned (literature, music, art, etc…)

29
Q

What is Mao’s legacy?

A

—70% good and 30% bad
—Good: The Long March, the way he could appeal to the masses
—Bad: The Great Leap Forward, unusable steel, Cultural Revolution, Hundred Flowers Campaign.

30
Q

How did Mao come to take control of the Revolution?

A

—Poster campaigns
—Posters want to get masses involved in the debate, want to build support against Lui Shaoqi
—Mao sweeps into Beijing and carries out a series of purges

31
Q

What its the Chinese economy called today?

A

A Global Capitalist Economy

32
Q

Economic Problems Under Deng

A

—Inflation
—Young educated in China began to go abroad and earn more money
—Split in the CCP between conservatives and Reformers
—Wealth Gap

33
Q

Tianamen Square

A

—Number of protests for democracy on the rise
—Starts as a peaceful march but soon millions of peeps flood into Beijing
—Soldiers begin to attack protestors, never know how many people died
—Government wanted to keep it under wraps, no info about massacre was public
—Referred tp in China as “The Incident”

34
Q

Jiang Zemin

A

—General secretary in China
—Dealt harshly with pro-democracy faction
—Deng’s hand picked successor
—Continued the 4 modernizations

35
Q

Third Way

A

—Description of China

—The government is authoritarian, but the economy is a global capitalist economy

36
Q

Third Way

A

—Description of China
—The government is authoritarian, but the economy is a global capitalist economy (western style economy)
—Another name for this is New Authoritarianism

37
Q

Third Way

A

—Description of China
—The government is authoritarian, but the economy is a global capitalist economy (western style economy)
—Another name for this is Neo Authoritarianism

38
Q

Neo Authoritarianism

A

—Another name for the Third Way

39
Q

Hu Jintao

A

—Fourth generation CCP
—Committed to economic conversation
—Cracked down on pro-democracy movement in Tibet
—Chinese economy flourished, but still social and economic inequality
—Target of reforms was the rural population

40
Q

What were the generations of CCP?

A

1st— Mao
2nd— Deng
3rd— Jiang
4th— Jintao

41
Q

What was Hu Jintao’s Legacy?

A

2002-2012
—Very positive
—2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing
—2009 —> Obama made first official visit to China

42
Q

What was Deng Xiaopeng’s Legacy

A 
—Positives in economics —> made China a first world economy 
—Stressing excellence in education
—Creating SEZ's
—China suffers from inflation
—Wealth gap
43
Q

Deng and Intellectual Conversation

A

—Deng placed a high premium on education
—We see more study abroad programs
—By the late 1980s, China’s intellectuals were more open and were demanding more control and freedom
—The intellectuals called for more freedom of expression, association, and were protesting to the CCP

44
Q

How did the CCP respond to the growing number of protests?

A

—They arrested may protesters
—There was a compromise made that said in elections there would be more than one candidate running who might not be a communist
—Pro democracy is eventually forced to move underground but it is not stopped

45
Q

Describe the transfer of Hong Kong back to China

A

—Began in 1985
—Britain was no longer an imperialist nation anymore so they were okay with giving Hong Kong back
—Today, Hong Kong is a part of China but it is one country with Two systems

46
Q

Economy in the 1990’s

A

—Economy flourished
—China looks to join world trade organization
—China tries to host olympics in the late 90s but they end up hosting in 2008

47
Q

How have the US-China relations progressed since the late 1980’s?

A

—Things are not going well, there is a lot of disagreement on both sides
—In terms of economics —> things are okay —> we have a lot of trade with China
—The turning point which led to these relations was Tiananmen Square when President Bush decided no to react

48
Q

Describe China’s social challenges today

A

—Financial insecurity among older generations
—Healthcare problems —> children who were not documented (one child act) do not receive healthcare
—Pollution, high cancer rates
—Drug Addiction

49
Q

What is the legacy of the cultural revolution? (snow falling in Spring)

A

—Her education takes a serious hit
—Everything soon becomes cut off
—Her mom is transferred to another school and the students are mean to her
—her father is forced to make war films even though he is educated

50
Q

What were the effects of the Great Leap Forward? (SFITS)

A

—Brick oven installed in backyard
—Starvation, food coupons
—Donating metal products
—Moying’s cousin is sent to the contryside to work in a poor village with bad conditions
—The people in her village are stuck here and still go by traditional ways in China like arranged marriage

51
Q

Describe Lao Lao’s childhood (SFITS)

DEFINITELY ON TEST

A

—She was luckily she got an education
—Takes on the whole village and teaches the people
—She is not able to escape arranged marriage and when she does get married her in laws treat her as a servant
—Her husband cheats on her but she is unable to initiate a divorce

52
Q

How did the Cultural Revolution effect the schools? (SFITS)

A

—The headmaster and others who the Red Army accused of not following and teaching communism and Mao’s beliefs were beaten
—Teachers cancelled class

53
Q

How did the Revolution effect the culture? (SFITS)

A

—Women’s hair required to be short

54
Q

Reactions of Zhou Enlai’s Death

A

—Outpouring of public grief

—Zhou helped with education and was more like a parental figure

55
Q

Reactions to Map’s Death (SFITS)

A

—Mixed reactions

56
Q

Life in Imperial Time (comparing China and Russia)

A

—Little chance for social mobility
—China: Emperor, how much you contribute to society
—Russia: Tsar, peasants on bottom
—Both agrarian farming societies

57
Q

Why do we have a revolution in Russia?

A

—People are unhappy with Tsar Nicholas

—They are upset about no land reform, upset about Russia still being in WWI

58
Q

Why do we have a revolution in China?

A

—People are upset about the fact that China declined change to the west
—Their government seems to be outdated by 1911 and the Chinese are tired of it

59
Q

China and Russia’s Civil Wars

A

Soviet Union: the Bolsheviks and Proletariate

China: Mao and the peasant farmers

60
Q

Foreign Affairs in China and Russia

A

—Russia: Iron curtain, satellite states, Warsaw pact countries
—There is a period where China and Russia are working together
—Detente —> Better relations with US and Russia

61
Q

Where do Russia and China stand today?

A

—China is in better shape than Russia

62
Q

Kruschev

A

—The thaw (destalinization)

—Hungarian Revolution: similar to the great leap forward, both end in a crack down

63
Q

Revolutions in China and Russia

A

China —> 1911 revolution

Russia —> 1917 revolution

SS China Test #1 (2 decks)

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