SR4-Benign Bone Tumors Flashcards
This tumor is named for it’s radiographic appearance-looks like a vascular aneurysm. It arises in pre-existing lesions (e.g. enchondroma)
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)
ABCs affect what age range?
10-30
Do ABCs have a sclerotic rim?
NO
One of the unique things about this bone tumor is that it can cross cartilage boundaries! (Epiphyseal plates, joint cartilage, discs)
ABC
Spinal ABCs tend to affect the ____ (anterior/posterior) elements of a vertebra
Posterior
List the DDXs for a missing pedicle (ALOAN)
Agenesis Lytic metastasis Osteoblastoma ABC Neurofibroma
This can be referred to as a “blow-out” tumor. Highly expansile
ABC
This bone tumor is also called a Unicameral Bone Cyst
Simple Bone Cyst
__-__% of simple bone cysts affect long bones, especially the humerus
90-95%
What non-long bone is common for a simple bone cyst?
Calcaneus
ABCs and simple bone cysts are considered geographic lesions, type 1__
B (non-sclerotic rim)
Simple bone cysts commonly affect ages __-__ and are painless (until path fx)
3-20
The _____ sign is common when a path fracture happens due to a simple bone cyst
Fallen fragment
The most common benign bone tumor of the SPINE?
Hemangioma of Bone
The most common benign bone tumor of the RIBS? (Also very common in proximal femur)
Fibrous Dysplasia
The most common benign bone tumor OVERALL?
Osteochondroma
The most common benign bone tumor of the HANDS/FEET?
Enchondroma
This bone tumor demonstrates “corduroy cloth” appearance in the spine, and “radiating spoke” appearance in the skull
Hemangioma of Bone
A hemangioma demonstrates a ___ signal on T1 images, and a ____ signal on T2 images
High, high
This is one disorder in a spectrum of disorders known as Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Out of the 3, it has the BEST prognosis (monostotic bone involvement)
Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG)
____ in a child is highly suggestive of eosinophilic granuloma
Vertebra plana
Skull lesions with a _____ are highly suggestive of EG
Beveled edge
Are hemangioma’s painful? Are eosinophilic granulomas?
No, yes
In the skull, these lesions have a central “button” sequestrum on radiographs
Eosinophilic Granuloma
List vertebra plana DDXs (MELT)
Mets/myeloma
EG
Lymphoma
Tumor/TB
This tumor is borderline between benign and malignant (quasi-malignant). Painful, 85% occur in long bones (50%) in knee region, 5% occur in spine (especially sacrum)
Giant Cell Tumor
Giant cell tumors are geographic lesions, type 1__. They are also eccentric, soap-bubbly and grow up to the joint margin.
C (ill-defined)
Giant cell tumors usually affect adults from age __-__
20-40
A circumscribed focus of cortical (compact) bone within cancellous (trabecular) bone. Usually under 1cm in diameter. Incidental findings.
Bone island
Bone islands are very common, especially in ____ and ____
Femoral neck, pelvis
A bone island may have what’s called a ____ border (speculated edge)
Brush
A bone island would be what color on T1 and T2 MRIs?
BLACK
What type of metastasis might a bone island be mistaken for?
Blastic
“Spotted bone disease”
Osteopoikilosis
A benign growth made up of an abnormal mixture of cells and tissues normally found in the area of the body where the growth occurs.
Hamartoma
A hamartoma in the skull?
Osteoma
_____ syndrome is a triad of osteomas, skin lesions, and colon polyps
Gardner
This is a small, vascular tumor that is PAINFUL (worse at night), and is dramatically relieved by NSAIDS (ibuprofen, aspirin)
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoid osteomas affect what age range?
10-25
A small radiolucency is called a ____
Nidus
Osteoid osteomas can look like a ____ lesion if they have a central calcification within the lucent nidus
“Target”
T/F: it is common for osteoid osteomas to trigger solid reactive new bone formation (cortical) around the tumor
TRUE
In osteoid osteomas, a procedure where a probe is inserted into the nidus and the tumor is heated to kill the cells is known as _____
Radiofrequency Ablation
This tumor is a GIANT OSTEOID OSTEOMA, but is NOT dramatically relieved by NSAIDS
Osteoblastoma
__% of osteoblastomas affect the spine (typically, posterior elements)
40%
This is the most common benign bone tumor (overall) and develops in childhood prior to the closure of the epiphyseal plate
Osteochondroma
Two types of osteochondroma: a ____ or flat-base, and a ____, or stalked
Sessile, pedunculated
A pedunculated osteochondroma takes on the appearance of a _____ due to it pointing AWAY from the joint
Coat Hanger
This type of osteochondroma has a broad base and can be called “Cauliflower exostosis”
Sessile
The possibility of malignant change in a solitary (single) osteochondroma is about __%
<1%
_______ is what it is called when there are multiple osteochondromas
Hereditary Multiple Exostosis (HME), OR Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO)
Widened femoral necks may be a radiographic sign of?
HME/HMO
These bone tumors like the hands/feet and exhibit “popcorn” (punctate) calcification. They commonly cause path fx
Enchondroma
Multiple enchondromas is called ___ disease
Ollier’s
Ollier’s disease + soft tissue hemangiomas = ___ syndrome
Maffucci
_____ is the most common malignancy that osteochondromas, or enchondromas turn into
Chondrosarcoma
The only tumor to arise in the EPIPHYSIS (other arise in metaphysis) is?
Chondroblastoma
About __% of chondroblastomas are around the knee
50%
