SR Haloalkane 2M

Question 1

Haloalkane => Primary Amine
Equation
Conditions
Reagents

Answer 1

Equation
Haloalkane + Ammonia => Salt
Salt + NaOH => Primary Amine + NaCl + H2O

Eg chloropropane + NH3 => propylammonium chloride salt
Propylammonium chloride salt + NaOH => Propylamine + H20 + NaCl

Conditions

• ethanol solvent to prevent any further substitution of the haloalkane by H2O to make alcohol
• excess ammonia used to further decrease the substitution of the Amine group

Reagents
NH3 then NaOH

*unsuitable for making purely primary amines

Question 2

Haloalkane => Alcohol
Equation
Type of reaction
Conditions 
Reagents 
Draw mechanism

Answer 2

Equation
Haloalkane + NaOH => Alcohol + NaCl

Type of reaction
Nucleophillic Substitution
Hydrolysis

Conditions
Reflux because v.slow at RT

Reagents
NaOH
*no intermediate

Question 3

Haloalkane => Nitrile
Equation
Type of reaction
Conditions 
Reagents 
Draw mechanism

Answer 3

Equation
Haloalkane + K/NaCN => Nitrile + K/NaCl

Type of reaction
Nucleophillic Substitution

Conditions
Reaction done in ethanol

Reagents
KCN/NaCN

• increases chain length
• no intermediate