Squier Flashcards
A cell’s capacity to give rise to ALL CELL types
pluripotency
A cell’s capacity to give rise to a SMALL NUMBER of different cell types
Multipotency
How can stem cells be used in diabetes?
Form differentiated beta cells in vitro and introduce through hepatic portal vein
How can stem cells be used in Parkinson’s?
Differentiate the stem cells into a neuron, graft into brain
How can stem cells be used in spinal repair?
Goal of demyelinating cells to treat spinal trauma
How are stem cells used in IVF?
Extra embryos are frozen and can be used to harvest ES cells
How are stem cells used in SCNT?
Early embryo can be used to create ES
How are induced pluripotent stem cells generated?
Engineered cells derived from somatic cells that resemble ES
Introducing foreign genes into cells using vector
How can stem cells be used in hematopoeitc stem cell transplantation?
Radiation preferentially kills diving cells, where hematopoeitc tissue of bone is most sensitive
Following repopulation from donor there is immune cell reprogramming and a transfer of tolerance
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy: swollen, spongy gums, anemia, muscle pain
Biotin
coenzyme for carboxylation rxns
Folic acid
transfers 1 carbon fragments in synth of amino acids
Vitamin B1
cofactor for enzymes; key to catalyzing bond cleavage
Vitamin B2 and B3
cofactor for oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes
Vitamin B6
cofactor required for glycogen phosphorylase
Vitamin B12
cofactor for breakdown of odd-numbered fatty acids and mentioning synth
Vitamin K
coagulation
Vitamin A
important for vision, steroid hormones, reproduction and teeth
Iodine
required for synth of thyroid hormones
Zinc
structural or catalytic role like in cofactors for enzymes
Copper
cofactors in enzymes that involve ox/redox
Iron
oxygen transport
unbound iron is very toxic
transferred as transferrin
stored as ferritin
Iron deficiency
leads to anemia and epithelial abnormalities
Iodine deficiency
leads to goiter
