Parsa & Orlando Flashcards
Neoplasm
abnormal mass of tissue
Neoplasia
disease that results from neoplasm
Cancer
disease produced by malignant neoplasm
Benign tumors
End in -oma
Ex: fibroma, chondroma, osteoma
Smooth margins, fibrous capsules, well differentiated
Malignant tumors
End in -sarcoma (unless from epithelial tissue then end in -carcinoma)
No capsules, margins are irregular, invade the tissue with fingers
What causes neoplasms?
A tumor can result if a mutation results in sufficient production of clones
What neoplasm is associated with: human chorion gonadotropin?
trophoblastic tumors; testicular tumors
What neoplasm is associated with: calcitonin?
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
What neoplasm is associated with: catecholamine and metabolites?
pheochromocytoma and related tumors
What neoplasm is associated with: ectopic hormones?
paraneoplastic syndromes
Grading
degree of differentiation of cancer
Staging
based on T1-4 (size), N1-3 (lymph nodes), M0-1 (metastasis)
Neoplastic grading
Based on cell resemblance of tumor to tissue of origin
Grade I-4
Ex: I - low grade, well differentiated
Mast cells
release histamine and heparin
Leukocytes
inflammatory cells such as neutrophil and monocytes
