Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hema Lec > SQs RBC Disorders > Flashcards

SQs RBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The causes of anemia include

a. blood loss
b. impaired red cell production
c. accelerated red cell destruction
d. AOTC

A

d. AOTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The clinical signs and symptoms of anemia can result from

a. diminished delivery of oxygen to the tissues
b. lowered hemoglobin concentration
c. increased blood volume
d. both A and B

A

d. both A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is a significant laboratory finding in anemia?

a. decreased hemoglobin
b. increased packed cell volume
c. increased erythrocyte count
d. normal erythrocyte indices

A

a. decreased hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If you are grading changes in erythrocytic size or shape using a scale of 0 to 4+ and many erythrocytes deviate from normal per microscopic field, the typical score would be

a. 1+
b. 2+
c. 3+
d. 4+

A

c. 3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anemias can be categorized into

a. hemolytic types
b. blood loss types
c. impaired production types
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Disorders of the GI system or heavy menstruation

A

b. chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Increased thrombocytes

A

a. acute blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Traumatic conditions

A

a. acute blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Does not disrupt blood volume

A

b. chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Results in an iron deficiency and a hypochromic/microcytic erythrocyte morphology on a peripheral blood smear

A

b. chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The erythrocyte morphology associated with anemia in an otherwise healthy individual caused by acute blood loss is usually

a. microcytic
b. megaloblastic
c. normochromic
d. hypochromic

A

c. normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anemia caused by chronic blood loss is characterized by

a. hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes
b. decreased packed cell volume
c. increased platelets
d. both A and B

A

d. both A and B - hypochromic, microcytic erythrocyte and decreased packed cell volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acquired aplastic anemia may be caused by

a. benzene or benzene derivatives
b. ionizing radiation and vitamin B12
c. purine or pyrimidine analogues

A

All of the choices :)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sudden appearance of plastic anemia or pure red cell aplasia is often caused by

a. hemolytic process
b. an immune process
c. acute leukemia
d. chronic leukemia

A

b. an immune process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aplastic anemia can occur years before a diagnosis of ___________ is made.

a. paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria
b. myelodysplasia
c. acute myelogenous leukemia

A

All of the choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a patient with aplastic anemia is referred to as exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A subset of Fanconi anemia

A

Familial aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A rare congenital form of red cell aplasia

A

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is characterized by selective failure of red blood cell production

A

Pure red cell anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The best-descried congenital form of aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hematopoietic cells targets in aplastic anemia are affected by

A

Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes

Activation of the Fas receptor

Direct cell-cell interactions between lymphocytes and target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fanconi anemia is associated with abnormal genes located on chromosomes

A

9,20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is

a. nutritional deficiency
b. faulty iron absorption
c. excessive loss of iron

A

all of the choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Iron deficiency is still common in

a. toddlers
b. adolescent girls
c. women of childbearing age

A

all of the choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Decreased iron intake

A

meat-poor diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Faulty iron absorption

A

Sprue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pathological iron loss

A

Colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Physiological iron loss

A

Menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Increased iron utilization

A

Adolescent growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The average adult has _____g of total iron.

A

3.5 to 5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most functional iron in humans is found in

A

hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes (RBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Approximately _____% of iron from food is in the form of ______ iron.

A

90, nonheme respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Most ingested iron is readily absorbed into the body in the

A

duodenum and upper jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Transferrin represents a

A

Beta globulin and Glycoprotein that moves iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In Iron Deficiency Anemia, the erythrocytic indices are typically

A

MCV decreased, MCH decreased, MCHC decreased (nag decrease ang all)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The peripheral blood smear demonstrates _______ red blood cells in the IDA.

A

microcytic, hypochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In Iron Deficiency Anemia, the serum iron is severely _________ and the TIBC is _________.

A

decreased, increased respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Anemias of inflammation/chronic diseases can be caused by

A

inflammation, infection, malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

AOI can result from

a. inappropriately decreased erythropoietin
b. suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes
c. impaired iron metabolism

A

All of the choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The typical peripheral blood film of a patient with AOI typically reveals ______ erythrocytes.

A

Normocytic, normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Leukoerythroblastosis can appear as ________ on a peripheral blood smear.

A

Immature leukocytes & erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the most appropriate treatment for AOI?

A

Treatment of the inflammatory condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Sideroblastic anemia can be caused by

a. congenital (chromosomal) defect
b. drugs
c. association with malignant disorders
d. acute mylogenous leukemia
e. chloramphenicol

A

All of the choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

A common feature of sideroblastic anemia is

A

Ringed sideroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The greatest portion of operational body iron is normally contained in what compound?

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Storage iron in the human body is

a. found in hepatocytes
b. found in macrophages
c. sequestered as ferrotin
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The most sensitive assay for the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is

A

transferrin saturation

48
Q

Megaloblastic anemias can be caused by

a. tapeworm infestation
b. gastric resection
c. nutritional deficiency

A

all of the choices

49
Q

Megaloblastic anemia related to folic acid deficiency is associated with

a. abnormal absorption
b. increased utilization
c. nutritional deficiency

A

all of the above

50
Q

The underlying type A gastritis that causes pernicious anemia is immunologically related to

a. autoantibody to IF
b. low serum gastrin
c. autoantibody to parietal cells

A

Both A and C

51
Q

Cobalamin transport is mediated by

A

IF
TC II
R proteins

52
Q

In megaloblastic anemia, the typical erythrocytic indices are

A

MCV increased
MCH increased
MCHC normal

53
Q

The peripheral erythrocyte morphology in folate deficiency is similiar to pernicious anemia, and the RBCs are ___________.

A

large

54
Q

In a case of class pernicious anemia, the patient has

A

leukopenia
hypersegmented neutrophils
anemia

55
Q

The reticulocyte count in a patient with untreated pernicious anemia is characteristically

A

<1.0%

56
Q

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay:

  • Serum haptoglobin-binding capacity
  • Serum B12
A

Decreased

57
Q

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay:

Folate

A

Normal

58
Q

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay:

  • Serum Iron
  • Percent transferrin
  • Unconjugated bilirubin
A

Increased

59
Q

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay:

Serum LDH

A

Significantly increased

60
Q

Hemolytic disruption of the erythrocyte involves

A

an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane

61
Q

Destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood

A

Intravascular hemolysis

61
Q

Destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood

A

Extravascular hemolysis

62
Q

Which of the following tests is not useful in determining increased erythrocyte destruction?

a. reticulocyte count
b. total leukocyte count
c. serum haptoglobin
d. unconjugated bilirubin

A

b. total leukocyte count

63
Q

Defect of the hemoglobin molecule

A

Thalassemia

64
Q

Erythrocytic enzyme defect

A

G6PD Deficiency or Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency

65
Q

Structural membrane defect

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

66
Q

The most common prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia among people of Northern European descent.

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

67
Q

An overabundance of oval-shaped red cells

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis

68
Q

A subgroup of common hereditary elliptocytosis

A

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP)

69
Q

Can be seen in the genetic hemoglobin defect, thalassemia

A

Hereditary stomatocytosis

70
Q

A permeability disorder

A

Hereditary xerocytosis

71
Q

Heinz bodies are associated with the congenital hemolytic anemia

A

G6PD Deficiency

72
Q

A hemolytic crisis may be precipitated in 10% of American black males suffering from G6PD deficiency by

A

primaquine

73
Q

What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with the aerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

74
Q

What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with the anaerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

A

Pyruvate Kinase

75
Q

What laboratory assay would specifically indicate a deficiency of G6PD enzyme?

A

Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smears

76
Q

What enzyme deficiency causes methemoglobinemia?

A

NADH-methemoglobin reductase

77
Q

Acquired hemolytic anemia can be caused by

a. chemical
b. drugs
c. infetious organisms
d. antibody reactions

A

All of the choices

78
Q

The infectious microorganism directly associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome is

A

E. coli O157-H7

79
Q

Rh antibodies are the most frequent cause

A

Warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

80
Q

IgM, usually anti-I

A

Cold-type AIHA

81
Q

Anemia that usually occurs in newborn infants

A

Isoimmune hemolytic anemia

82
Q

The erythrocyte alteration characteristically associated with hemolytic anemia is

A

spherocytosis

83
Q

What laboratory procedures would reflect a typical hemolytic anemia?

a. Increased osmotic fragility
b. Increased total serum bilirubin
c. Increased reticulocyte count, unless hematopoiesis is suppressed
d. AOTC

A

d. AOTC

84
Q

Which of the following is not associated with hemolytic anemia?

a. Decreased HgB and Hct
b. Increased reticulocyte count
c. Increased serum haptoglobins
d. Decreased erythrocyte survival

A

c. Increased serum haptoglobins

85
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria exhibits sensitivity of one population of red blood cells to

A

complement

86
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaepisodes are usually associated with

A

sleep

87
Q

The defect in PNH probably is a (an) ___________ associated defect of the red cell membrane.

A

Structural protein

88
Q

The common denominator in the hemoglobinopathies is that all are

A

inherited or genetic defects related to hemoglobin

89
Q

Hemoglobinopathies can be classified as

a. abnormal hemoglobin globulin structure
b. a defect of hemoglobin globulin synthesis
c. a combination of defects of both structure and synthesis
d. all of the above

A

AOTA

90
Q

True or False.

Normal adult hemoglobin contains the following components: Hb A (95% to 98%), Hb A2 (2% to 3%), Hb A1 (3% to 6%), and Hb F (<1%)

A

True

91
Q

In the hemoglobinopathis, a trait is described as

A

heterozygous and asymptomatic

92
Q

In sickle cell anemia the cause is

A

change of single nucleotide (GAT to GTT) and

substitution of valine for glutamix acid at the sixth position on the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule

93
Q

In sickle cell disease the abnormality is related to

A

an abnormal structure of hemoglobin

94
Q

One of the two most common monogenetic diseases of man is

A

sickle cell anemia

95
Q

If a patient with sickle cell anemia is in an acute crisis state, peripheral blood smears may exhibit

A

drepanocytes

96
Q

What estimated percentage of black Americans are heterozygous for Hb S?

A

8%

97
Q

The most common complaint associated with sickle cell anemia

A

acute pain

98
Q

Absence or decrease in synthesis of one or more globin subunits

A

Thalassemia

99
Q

Homozygous B-thalassemia patients have

A

Severe transfusion-dependent anemia

100
Q

In a-type thalassemia, with three inactive a genes, which of the following is characteristic?

a. Hb A2
b. Hb A
c. Hb H
d. Hb F and A2

A

Hb H

101
Q

What is the primary risk to thalassemia major patients who receive frequent and multiple blood transfusions?

A

Iron overload

102
Q

The peripheral blood smear in silent state patients with a-thalassemia typically appears as

A

normochromic, normocytic

103
Q

The characteristic hemoglobin concentration in a patient’s silent state with heterozygous B-thalassemia is

A

Hb A level normal

104
Q

Decreased solubility; the ability to form intracellular crystals

A

Deoxyhemoglobin C

105
Q

The incidence of Hb E hemoglobinopathy is highest in

A

Southeast Asia

106
Q

Most unstable hemoglobins

A
  1. inherited autosomal dominant disorders
  2. result from amino acid substitutions or deletions
  3. hemoglobin variants
107
Q

Common clinical symptoms of anemia include:

a. Splenomegaly
b. shortness of breath and fatigue
c. chills and fever
d. jaundice and enlarged lymph nodes

A

b. shortness of breath and fatigue

108
Q

This is reduced as an adaptation to long-standing anemia

A

Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin

109
Q

An autoimmune reaction destroys the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of a young adult patient, and the amount of active bone marrow, including RBC precursors, is diminished. The RBC precursos that are present are normal in appearance, but there are too few to meet the demand for circulating red blood cells, and anemia develops. The reticulocyte count is low. The mechanism of the anemia would be described as:

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

110
Q

What are the initial lab tests that are performed for the diagnosis of anemia?

A

CBC, reticulocyte count, and peripheral blood film examination

111
Q

Its increase suggests a shortened life span of RBCs and hemolytic anemia

A

Reticulocyte count

112
Q

Which of the following is detectable only by examination of a peripheral blood film?

a. microcytosis
b. anisocytosis
c. hypochromia
d. poikilocytosis

A

d. pokilotcytosis

113
Q

Schistocytes, ovalocytes, and acanthocytes are examples of abnormal changes in RBC:

a. volume
b. shape
c. inclusions
d. hemoglobin concentration

A

shape

114
Q

An anemic adult patient with an absolute reticulocyte count of 20x10^9/L and an MCV of 65 fL.

a. aplastic anemia
b. sickle cell anemia
c. iron deficiency
d. folate deficiency

A

c. iron deficiency

115
Q

An anemic adult patient with an MCV of 125 fL and an RDW of 20% (reference interval 11.5% to 14.5%)

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Hema Lec (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions