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Science > Spring Final > Flashcards

Spring Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is temperature

A

the average Kinetic energy of molecules in a substance

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2
Q

starry nights are what? why?

A

colder because there are no clouds to trap the heat in

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3
Q

why does an object feel cold

A

because when you touch it it is conducting the heat away from your body

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4
Q

why is water a good moderator of climate

A

it has a high specific heat capacity

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5
Q

what is the measure of how much sunlight is reflected from a surface

A

albedo

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6
Q

snow has a high what

A

albedo

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7
Q

the windward side of the mountain gets more of what due to what

A

more moisture due to the air rising, forming clouds and then dropping moisture on the windward side

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8
Q

what type of tide occurs when the Earth, Moon and Sun are all lined up 180°

A

spring tides

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9
Q

what tide occurs when the earth moon and sun are located at 90° to each other

A

Neep Tides (thing neep tides knee tides)

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10
Q

what do balanced forces move at (2 choices)

A

Constant velocity or are stationary

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11
Q

an object in the air is only controlled by gravity. what is the rate at which it falls after 1,2 and 3 seconds

A

rate=10 m/s^2

1=10 m/s^2
2=20m/s^2
3=30m/s^2

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12
Q

what are the green house gases?

A

Carbon dioxide
methane
water vapor

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13
Q

water heats up slower than what?

A

land

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14
Q

why does warm air from the coast go out to the water during the day?

A

because the land is heated up faster than the water and the heat rises over the land and transfers from hot to cold so the warm air goes out to the cooler water during the day (this reverses at night as the water releases heat slower than land)

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15
Q

what releases heat slower than land

A

water

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16
Q

what kind of pressure is heat rising?

A

low pressure

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17
Q

what type of pressure is cold air sinking?

A

High pressure (think when someone pushes DOWN on you there is a lot of pressure on you)

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18
Q

what is Newton’s second law

A

F=ma

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19
Q

if mass goes up acceleration goes down if force is constant. what kind of relationship is this

A

indirect or inverse

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20
Q

what is insolation

A

the measure of how much solar energy strikes an area

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21
Q

what is climate affected by

A

altitude
latitude
proximity to water
wind/ocean currents

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22
Q

planetary body elliptical movement is due to what

A

the interaction of newton’s first law and gravity

23
Q

how does pressure move

A

from high to low

24
Q

global wind patterns are deflected due to what

A

Coriolis effect

25
Q

the coriolis effect is caused by what

A

earth’s rotation

26
Q

what does the great ocean conveyor belt do

A

moves warm water away from the equator to the poles and Cold water away from the poles to the equator

27
Q

what is the purpose of the great ocean conveyor belt

A

to distribute earth’s heat to help prevent from more temperature extremes

28
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy cannot be destroyed or created but only transformed from one form to another

29
Q

what is ohm’s law

A

voltage= current•resistance

30
Q

what is an example of how winds can affect climate

A

England is located at the same latitude as Canada but due to the northwesterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean it is warmer

31
Q

what are air masses

A

large areas that contain similar characteristics such as temperature and water content

32
Q

describe maritime

A

originates over oceans therefore having more moisture content

33
Q

describe continental

A

originates over land and has less moisture there are also greater fluctuations in temperature do to continental effect

34
Q

describe tropical

A

originates near the equator so it is warmer

35
Q

describe polar

A

originates over poles so it is colder

36
Q

which holds more moisture warm air or cold air

A

warm air

37
Q

what type of radiation does the sun give off

A

electromagnetic

38
Q

what blocks the majority of the radiation from the sun

A

the atmosphere

39
Q

what is El Niño characterized by

A

warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru

40
Q

what are the layers of the atmosphere

A

troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere

41
Q

what percent of our atmosphere is nitrogen

A

78%

42
Q

what percent of our atmosphere is oxygen

A

20%

43
Q

what percent of our atmosphere is water vapor

A

1%

44
Q

what percent of our atmosphere are inert gases

A

.97%

45
Q

what percent of our atmosphere are carbon dioxide and other gases

A

.03%

46
Q

what is conduction

A

energy transferred by direct contact

47
Q

what is convection

A

transfer of heat through circulation

48
Q

what is radiation

A

transfer of energy through electronic radiation

49
Q

where does the total energy of a roller coaster come from

A

the first hill

50
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy it takes to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius

51
Q

when does adiabatic cooling occur

A

when warm air rises, cools, condenses into clouds

52
Q

what is earth’s atmosphere heated by

A

infrared radiation being reflected from the ground into the atmosphere where it is absorbed by the greenhouse gases

53
Q

the greatest increase in carbon dioxide and temperature has occurred when

A

last 100 years

Science (7 decks)

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