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Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does the heat in the mantle come from?

A

decay of radioactive isotopes

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2
Q

what is formed at the mid ocean ridge?

A

new ocean crust

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3
Q

what is evidence for sea floor spreading?

A

crust is newer next to the ridge, there are magnetic reversals along the ridge, the continents fit together

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4
Q

who came up with the hypothesis of continental drift?

A

wegener

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5
Q

why was wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift forgotten?

A

he couldn’t prove how they moved

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6
Q

in a divergent boundary the plates move where

A

apart

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7
Q

in a convergent boundary the plates move where?

A

together

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8
Q

in a transform boundary the plates move where?

A

against

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9
Q

how do we know that the outer core is comprised of liquid?

A

S waves cannot travel through it

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10
Q

what can S waves travel through

A

solids

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11
Q

what can P waves travel through

A

liquids and solids

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12
Q

why does the oceanic crust subduct under the continental crust to form a trench?

A

because it is more dense

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13
Q

S waves are…

A

transverse, slow moving

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14
Q

P waves are…

A

longitudinal, fast moving

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15
Q

what makes up Earth? 3 parts

A

crust mantle core

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16
Q

what makes up the lithosphere?

A

crust and upper most part of mantle

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17
Q

what are the 3 types of rocks?

A

igneous, metamorphic, Sedimentary

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18
Q

what is the actual location of the earthquake?

A

focus point

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19
Q

what is the epicenter

A

the location above the earthquake on the ground

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20
Q

what are volcano eruptions determined by

A

type of magma

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21
Q

what happens in law of superposition

A

the oldest is on the bottom and youngest is on the top

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22
Q

in original horizontality what happens

A

the rocks get moved a little bit but the age of the rocks stay the same at superposition

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23
Q

in the law of cross cutting what happens

A

it’s the same as superposition until you get to the one that cuts across then it’s that one then the rest on top

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24
Q

what is the atomic number equal to

A

number of protons

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25
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

number of protons+number of neutrons

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26
Q

what is an ion

A

an atom with a different number of electrons

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27
Q

what is an isotope

A

and atom with a different number of neutrons

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28
Q

what do covalent bonds form between

A

nonmetals and nonmetals

29
Q

what do ionic bonds form between

A

metals and nonmetals

30
Q

metals do what to electrons

A

give up

31
Q

nonmetals do what to electrons

A

take

32
Q

what are valence electrons

A

outermost electrons and react with other atoms to create chemical bonds

33
Q

what is the longest age on earth

A

Precambrian

34
Q

how old is the earth

A

4.56 billion years old

35
Q

what were the major extinctions caused by

A

meteorite

36
Q

in order from smallest wavelength to longest what is the electromagnetic spectrum

A

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-Ray, gamma

37
Q

what does light act as

A

a wave and a particle

38
Q

what is the equation for the speed of light

A

3x10^8

39
Q

where does a star receive its energy

A

nuclear fusion. H into He

40
Q

what happens to the amount of H and He in a star as it ages?

A

H decreases and He increases

41
Q

how are all stars created and what is this area called?

A

nebula

42
Q

what forces are balanced in a stable star?

A

nuclear fusion and gravity

43
Q

what is the inverse square law

A

1/d^2

44
Q

what is the sequence for a medium sized star and what are the possibilities for the end of its life?

A

nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf

45
Q

what is the sequence for a massive star and what are the possibilities for the end of its life?

A

nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, supernova, either neutron star or black hole

46
Q

what kind of star remains in the main sequence the longest?

A

low mass stars

47
Q

where will our sun end up

A

white dwarfs

48
Q

what controls star brightness

A

temp(color), distance, size

49
Q

what are stars classified by

A

color, size, brightness

50
Q

what evidence provided support for the Big Bang theory

A

expanding universe, background cosmic radiation

51
Q

what causes a celestial body to orbit another one?

A

newtons 1st law and gravity

52
Q

where are asteroids found and what is their composition

A

asteroids are larger than meteors and orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

53
Q

what’s the difference between a meteorite and a meteoroid?

A

meteorites hit the earth meteoroids don’t

54
Q

where is earth in the summer

A

aphelion

55
Q

what are seasons caused by

A

earths tilt

56
Q

why do astronauts float in space

A

free fall

57
Q

what is the definition of geology

A

the study of earths composition, structure, and history

58
Q

what is the independent variable

A

what is being changed to test something

59
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

what is being measured

60
Q

what happens in the reverse fault

A

moves up

61
Q

what happens in the normal fault

A

moves down

62
Q

what happens in the strike slip fault

A

side to side

63
Q

why does it bulge on the opposite side of the moon?

A

rotation of the earth

64
Q

what is the order of a lunar eclipse

A

moon earth sun

65
Q

what is the order of a solar eclipse

A

earth moon sun

66
Q

in a lunar eclipse what phase of the moon in

A

full moon

67
Q

in a solar eclipse what phase is the moon in

A

new moon

68
Q

what do you need to be a planet

A

revolve around the sun, use gravity to make it round; clear away its own path by gravity

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