Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Philosophy II- Logic > Spring Final > Flashcards

Spring Final Flashcards

1
Q

Q
What are the 3 Mental Acts?

A

Simple Apprehension
Judgment
Deductive Inference(Composition/Division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 Verbal Expressions?

A

Term
Proposition
Syllogism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Logic?

A

The science of right thinking or The act of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are terms important?

A

They are good for understanding [arguments]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a Logical Form include?

A

Subject, Predicate, & Copula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do “S, C, P” all express?

A

They are abbreviations for the subject-term, predicate-term, and copula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a Proposition include?

A

Subject-term, Predicate-term, & Copula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a Proposition?

A

“All men are mortal”
“Socrates is a man”
“Socrates is mortal”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do we derive a Contraposition?

A

Obvert it, Convert it, Obvert it again = Contraposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nominative Predicate?

A

It tells us about the subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Logical Form

A

form in which a sentence must be in, in order to be handled logically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proposition

A

a sentence or statement that expresses truth or falsity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Judgment

A

the mental act whose verbal expression is a proposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Quality

A

(of a proposition) has to do with whether it’s affirmative or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quantity

A

(of a proposition) has to do with whether it’s universal or particular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contradictory Statements

A

statements that differ in both quality & quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contraries

A

statements that are both universal statements, but differ in quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subcontraries

A

statements that are both particular statements, but differ in quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subalterns/Subalternates

A

statements that have the same quality, but differ in quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Distribution

A

the status of a term in regard to its extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Obversion

A

the change in quality and negation of the predicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 2 Qualities?

A

Affirmative(Affirmo)
Negative(Nego)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 Quantities?

A

Universal(singulars)
Particular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conversion

A

the switch of the subject(S) with the predicate(P)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Particulars
a subset of universals- all particulars are derived from universals
26
What is the form of A statements?
All S is P
27
What is the form of E statements?
No S is P or All S is not P
28
What is the form of I statements?
Some S is P
29
What is the form of O statements?
Some S is not P
30
What is the form of O statements?
Some S is not P
31
What are the types of Universal statements?
Singular, All, and Every
32
What is the chart with the qualities and quantities of all 4 statements called?
Square of Opposition
33
What is a Copula?
are (not)
34
What are the Mental Acts & Verbal Expressions together called?
Acts of the Intellect
35
What is the Subject, Predicate, and Copula of the statement: All elephants are pachyderms.
Subject- Elephants Predicate- pachyderms Copula- are
36
How do you change this sentence into a statement: Elephants love to blow bubbles?
All elephants are animals(pachyderms) who love to blow bubbles.
37
Modus Pollens
P is to Q P therefore Q
38
Modus Tollens
P is to Q ~Q therefore ~P
39
What is Modus Pollens doing?
It is affirming the antecedent
40
What is Modus Tollens doing?
It is denying the consequent
41
Denying the Antecedent
P is to Q ~P therefore ~Q
42
Affirming the Consequent
P is to Q Q therefore P
43
Example of the process of a Contraposition with “All cats are animals.”
(obversion) All cats are not non-animals (conversion) All non-animals are not cats (obversion) All non-animals are non-cats <-contraposition
44
Example of the process of an obversion with “Some flowers are not red.”
some flowers are not RED some flowers are NOT RED
45
Example 2 of the process of an obversion with “Some flowers are not non-red things.”
some flowers are not non-red things some flowers are RED
46
(Rule I) Fallacy of 4 Terms
there's more than 3 terms distinguished terms
47
(Rule I) Fallacy of Equivocation
the use of an ambiguous middle term
48
(Rule III) Fallacy of Illicit Major
when major term is distributed in conclusion, but not in major premise
49
(Rule III) Fallacy of Illicit Minor
when minor term is distributed, but not in the minor premise
50
(Rule IV) Fallacy of Undistributed Middle
when middle term is not distributed in either premise, meaning the premises are insufficient to justify the conclusion
51
(Rule V) Fallacy of Exclusive Premise
when the arguement is invalid because both of its premises are negative( a.k.a no conclusion follows from 2 negative premises)
52
(Rule VI) Fallacy of Drawing a Negative Conclusion from an Affirmative Premise
when although the conclusion might be true, it's not justified by its premises
53
(Rule VII) Fallacy of Drawing an Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise
54
Rule #1
must be 3(& only 3) terms
55
Rule #2
middle term mustn't occur in the conclusion
56
Rule #3
if term is distributed in conclusion, then it must be distributed in premise
57
Rule #4
middle term must be distributed at least once
58
Rule #5
no conclusion can follow from 2 negative premises
59
Rule #6
if 2 premises are affirmative, conclusion must also be affirmative
60
Rule #7
if either premise is negative, conclusion must also be negative
61
What are the 2 types of compound statements?
Disjunctive Conjunction
62
Hypothetical
if P, then Q
63
Truth value
meaning whether it's true or false
64
What are the possible Truths & Falses of a Hypothetical?
P > Q t T t t F f f T t f T f
65
What are the possible Truths & Falses of a Conjunction?
P ^ Q t T t t F f f F t f F f
66
What are the possible Truths & Falses of a Disjunction?
P V Q t T t t T f f T t f F f

Philosophy II- Logic (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions