Spring Exam

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxtriblonuecleic Acid

Question 2

Why is DNA an important molecule?

Answer 2

Contains genetic material

Question 3

What holds DNA base pairs together in a double helix? Why are there bonds significant?

Answer 3

Hydrogen Bonds

They break when DNA is making proteins

Question 4

Three types of RNA and functions.

Answer 4

mRNA (messenger)
- carries info in DNA to the ribosomes

tRNA (transfer)
- carries amino acids to the ribosomes

rRNA (ribosmomal)
- make up a ribosome

Question 5

What is a gamete?

Answer 5

sex cells

Question 6

What are the two types of gametes?

Answer 6

Sperm cell and egg cell

Question 7

What is a diploid cell and what is a haploid cell?

Answer 7

diploid cell= 2n # of chromosomes

haploid cell= 1n # of chromosomes

Question 8

how many chromosomes are there in a human diploid and haploid cell?

Answer 8

diploid: 46
haploid: 23

Question 9

What type of work did Gregor Mendel do and why is he considered the “father of genetics”?

Answer 9

He worked with pea plants and discovered the patterns of inheritance

Question 10

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 10

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 11

What is the purpose of PCR?

Answer 11

to make multiple copies of DNA molecule

Question 12

define the steps of PCR process:

1. Denaturing
2. Annealing
3. Extension

Answer 12

Denaturing (95 C)
Double strands come apart at the base pairs

Annealing (50-60 C)
Pimers attach to the target DNA sequence

Extension (72 C)
DNA Polymerase attaches to the primers and copies to the target sequence

Question 13

Describe three uses for PCR

Answer 13

Forensic
Tissue indetification in violent crimes

Disease Dignosis
Genetic disease genes can be confirmed

Relational
Can be used to detect and genetic relationship between individuals

Question 14

What is a clone?

Answer 14

an exact genetic copy of biological matter

Question 15

Define the following types of clones:

• molecular
• reproductive
• therapeutic

Answer 15

Molecular
copies of DNA molecules

Reproductive
copied of organisms from another organism

Therapeutic
cloning stem cells

Question 16

Simple definition of evolution

Answer 16

change over time

Question 17

What are Lamarck’s 3 principles in his evolutionary theory?

Answer 17

1. desire to change
2. use and disuse
3. acquired traits

Question 18

What are Darwin’s 5 steps to evolutionary change

Answer 18

1. variations
2. inheritance
3. competition
4. selection
5. propagation

Question 19

How can environmental pressures cause change in a species over time?

Answer 19

The pressure can give an advantage to have a particular gene which would cause individuals with it to increase in the popolation

Question 20

Why can mutations cause variations in a population?

Answer 20

Mutations in DNA cause variations in traits

Question 21

What is natural selection?

Answer 21

Darwin’s 5 steps