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Science > Spring 2021 Final > Flashcards

Spring 2021 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ is the reproduction between 2 different organisms.

A

Sexual

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2
Q

_____ is one organism reproducing an exact copy of itself.

A

Asexual

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3
Q

The ability to produce offspring that are healthy and that survive is known as _____.

A

Reproductive success

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4
Q

Since most animals reproduce sexually, they compete with others for the right to reproduce with a possible mate. The attempts by animals to attract mates are called _____.

A

courting

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5
Q

Name the most common methods animals attract mates

A 
singing
dancing
Displaying colors
Fighting
Building a nest
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6
Q

What are the attempts by animals to ensure their offspring’s survival?

A

parenting

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7
Q

What are the 4 parenting behaviors

A

Feeding their young
Providing shelter
Protecting their young
Teaching their young to protect their themselves

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8
Q

The two main factors that affect animal growth are _____ and _____.

A

genetic factors

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9
Q

Name 3 beneficial and harmful environmental conditions

A

Beneficial Environmental Conditions
Safe habitat
Abundance of food, water, air,space
Shelter from predators

Harmful Environmental Conditions
Severe weather
Shortage of food and water
Habitat destruction

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10
Q

Matter is any substance that _____ and _____.

A

takes up space

has a mass

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11
Q

The smallest unit of matter is known as an _____.

A

atom

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12
Q

Matter constantly moves between the living and nonliving parts of the environment. This is known as the _____.

A

matter cycle

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13
Q

A(n) _____ is made up of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

A

molecule

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14
Q

_____ is the ability to cause change. It comes in many forms.

A

Energy

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15
Q

An organism that uses energy and matter from the environment to make its own food molecules is known as a _____.

A

producer

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16
Q

An organism that gets energy and matter by eating other organisms is known as a(n) _____.

A

consumer

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17
Q

An organism that gets energy and matter by breaking down the remains of other organisms that have died is known as a(n) _____.

A

decomposer

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18
Q

Chemical Reactions are the process of breaking down molecules and rearranging their atoms to make new molecules and release energy.

A

Chemical Reactions

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19
Q

_____ is the process of plants converting carbon dioxide and water to carbon-based food molecules with energy from the sun.

A

Photosynthesis

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20
Q

The carbon-based food molecules that producers make is called _____.

A

Sugar

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21
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____ of the plant cell.

A

chloroplasts

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22
Q

_____ is a process that uses oxygen to release the energy stored in food molecules.

A

Cellular respiration

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23
Q

_____ are a complex organization of interdependent parts. It involves the flow of energy and cycling of non living resources through a web of producers, consumers, and decomposers.

A

Ecosystems

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24
Q

_____ is a pathway that energy and nutrients can follow through an ecosystem.

A

Food chain

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25
Q

_____ are a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

A

Food webs

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26
Q

_____ in a food web diagram show the direction of energy flow.

A

Arrows

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27
Q

_____ is a representation of the energy available at each level of a food web. The bottom level are the producers and it has the most energy. The other levels are consumers.

A

Energy pyramid

28
Q

Since matter cannot be created or destroyed, organisms depend on _____ to obtain their needed matter.

A

matter cycle

29
Q

Air and sunlight are examples of _____ factors in an ecosystem.

A

abiotic

30
Q

Members of the same _____ can breed together and produce fertile offspring.

A

species

31
Q

Living things that depend on other organisms for their food are called _____.

A

relationships

32
Q

A(n) _____ is all the organisms living together in a particular place along with their nonliving environment.

A

ecosystem

33
Q

All the organisms that live in the same ecosystem interact and depend on each other for survival, which is known as _____.

A

community

34
Q

Starting with an individual at the top of the pyramid, name the levels of organization of an ecosystem

A

Individual organisms
Species population
community
ecosystem

35
Q

_____ are the remains or traces of once-living organisms.

A

fossils

36
Q

An organism sealed in sap

A

amber

37
Q

An impression of an organism left in sediment and filled with minerals

A

Cast and mold

38
Q

When an organism gets stuck in tar and dies

A

Tar pit

39
Q

When an organism is frozen for a long period of time

A

Frozen remains

40
Q

The activity of an organism is preserved

A

Trace fossil

41
Q

An organism’s tissues are replaced by minerals from water.

A

permineralized

42
Q

An organism is quickly buried and flattened by the pressure of sediments built up above it.

A

carbonized

43
Q

_____ an ordered arrangement of rock layers that is based on the relative ages of the rocks, with the oldest rocks at the bottom.

A

Geological column

44
Q

The _____ divides Earth’s history into intervals of time defined by major events or changes on Earth.

A

geological time scale

45
Q

The collection of all known fossils and their placement in order from earliest to most recent is known as the _____.

A

fossil record

46
Q

_____ is when all members of a species die out.

A

extinction

47
Q

Early organisms gave rise to other types of organisms, which gave rise to the ancestor common to another type of organism. To determine how changes occur in nature, scientists look for _____.

A

Evolutionary relationship

48
Q

When a large number of organisms die in a short time period, which appear to be caused by large changes to the environment is known as a(n) _____.

A

mass extinction

49
Q

Offspring look similar to their parents because heritable traits are passed down from generation to generation. So their body structures, or anatomy, are similar to each other.

A

anatomy

50
Q

The process of biological change by which populations become different from their ancestors over many generations is known as _____.

A

evolution

51
Q

_____ is the idea that all organisms share a common ancestral species from which they evolved at some point in the past.

A

Common Ancestry

52
Q

Name 3 evolutionary relationships

A

Similarities in body structures
Similarities in DNA
Similarities in embryos

53
Q

The genetic material in cells that contains the information that determines the traits that an organism inherits is known as _____.

A

DNA

54
Q

Organize DNA from the smallest unit and ending with DNA

A

Nucleotides
Genes
Chromosomes DNA

55
Q

Name the 4 nucleotides that make up DNA

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine

56
Q

A protein is an important molecule that is needed to build and repair body structures and to control processes in the body. It is made up of a long chain of _____

A

Amino Acids.

57
Q

The protein’s _____ is related to its shape.

A

function

58
Q

A change in the base-pair sequence of a gene is called a(n) _____.

A

mutation

59
Q

A change in the DNA sequence can be a(n) _____, ______, or ______.

A

addition
substitution
removal

60
Q

Traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their current environment are called _____.

A

adaptation

61
Q

This beneficial mutation can be a(n) _____, _____, or _____.

A 
function
behavior
structure
62
Q

_____ refers to differences between organisms in a population.

A

Alleles

63
Q

Different forms of the same gene that lead to a difference in physical traits are called _____.

A

phenotypes

64
Q

The different DNA combinations of a particular gene that lead to different alleles are called _____.

A

genotypes

65
Q

The distribution of traits in a population can change over time. A population’s current environment determines if any of those traits provide advantages or disadvantages. This is called _____.

A

natural selection

66
Q

When an environmental change is extreme and rapid, populations may be _____ to adapt because the process of natural selection occurs over many generations.

A

less able

67
Q

A trait that is beneficial for an animal in one ecosystem _____ always be beneficial in another ecosystem.

A

will not

Science (8 decks)

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