Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Spots & Rashes > Flashcards

Spots & Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

Dark skinned newborn with discolouration at base of spine + buttocks. Looks like bruising. What’s this?

A

Mongolia blue spots

fades!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who gets strawberry naevi?

A

preterm girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unilateral, don’t cross midline (capillary malformation in dermis)
Associated with Sturge Weber syndrome (convulsions)
What’s this?

A

port wine stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cafe au lait spots make it into neurofibromatosis?

A

> 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Uncommon but serious blistering form of impetigo, affecting neonates? What bac?

A

bullous impetigo

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a strawberry naevus (cavernous haemangioma) obstructs a neonate’s airway or vision, what do you give?

A

oral propanolol!

the answer to everything tehe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patches of urticaria arising at 2days old, which come and go and usually clear in a fortnight. What’s this?

A

erythema toxicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

White spots of retained keratin on nose and cheeks. What’s this?

A

milk spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes albinism?

A

defective melanin synthesis

skin cancer risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the most common cause of nappy rash?

A

irritant dermatitis

the irritant is the nappy :p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which kind of nappy rash is CREASE-SPARING?

A

irritant dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is nappy rash NON-crease-sparing?

A

When it’s complicated by Candida.

candida gets into the creases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two others causes of nappy rash that AREN’T irritant dermatitis…

A

seborrhoeic dermatitis,

eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the posh name for cradle cap?

A

infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is cradle cap itchy?

A

no,

unperturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What % of UK children get atopic eczema?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genetic deficiency of skin barrier function. What’s this?

A

eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What % of eczema resolves by age 16?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when does eczema tend to present?

A

first yr of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When you itch eczema lots, it leads to excoriations, weeping and crusting. what can happen then

A

lichenification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do they get eczema if they’re an infant

A

face and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where do they get eczema if they’re older

A

flexor surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

infection of eczema with HSV can cause

A

eczema herpeticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 5 causes of eczema exacerabations.

A
  • skin infections
  • contact with irritant / allergen
  • psychological stress
  • heat / humidity
  • change in meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tell me all the human herpes viruses

A 
hsv 1
hsv 2
vzv
cmv
ebv
hhv 6,7,8
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is caused by hhv 6 & 7?

A

roseola infantum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is caused by hhv 8?

A

kaposi sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do you avoid precipitants of eczema?

A

no soap,
soft clothing,
cut nails short,
avoid allergens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Kate love there are 8 points to remember for the management of eczema. Fire away!

A
  1. avoid precipitants
  2. emollients
  3. topical corticosteroids
  4. immunomodulators
  5. occlusive bandages
  6. Abx / antivirals (if skin infected)
  7. antihistamines
  8. psychosocial.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

give an example of an immunomodulator for eczema

A

tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is tacrolimus

A

immunomodulator for eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

why would you prescribe antihistamines in eczema

A

stop itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what could you recommend for psychosocial tips for eczema

A

national eczema society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

put these on overnight, with cream underneath, to stop scratching eczema…. ?

A

occlusive bandages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what virus causes verrucas

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how do you treat verrucas?

A 
topical salicyclic acid + lactic acid
or cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what virus causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

poxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

widespread small pearly papules with central umbilication. What’s this?

A

molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How soon should molluscum contagiosum disappear?

A

within 1 yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How do you treat molluscum contagiosum if it’s persisting past 1 yr?

A

cryotherapy

anti-bac cream if overlying infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Infant has febrile illness and roseola infantum. What infective agent?

A

hhv 6&7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the incubation period for chickenpox?

A

10-21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how long do you keep IgG to VZV for?

A

life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how is VZV spread?

A

airborne!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

after chickenpox VZV can stay latent in dorsal root ganglion. what can it reactivate as?

A

shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

First there was papules. Then there was

A

vesicles …. pustules … crusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what are chickenpox ‘crops’?

A

vesicles with surrounding erthyema

last 7ds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

4 COMPLICATIONS OF CHICKENPOX PLZ

A
  1. bac superinfection
  2. encephalitis; ataxic cerebellitis
  3. purpura fulminans
  4. haemorrhagic eruptions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what can happen if you’re immunocompromised and your chickenpox disseminates

A

haemorrhagic eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

which bac do superinfections of chickenpox?

A

staph / strep

toxic shock! nec fasch!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

vasculitis which is complication of chickenpox?

A

purpura fulminans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Do you use oral aciclovir to treat chickenpox?

A

NO decreases natural immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

when would you treat chickenpox with aciclovir?

A

if imm comp, IV aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

most imm comp chickenpox treat with IV aciclovir. If HIGH RISK imm comp treat with …???

A

‘human varciella zoster immunoglobulin’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Red maculopopular rash, starts on back of ears, spreads down

A

measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

where does the measles rash start

A

back of ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

is measles notifiable

A

yes obviously

58
Q

how is measles spread?

A

droplet spread

59
Q

how infectious is measles?

A

highly

60
Q

how do you test for measles?

A

PCR blood or saliva

61
Q

white grains on buccal mucosa – pathognomonic for measles…?

A

koplik’s spots

62
Q

what are koplik’s spots?

A

white grains on buccal mucosa

pathognomic for measles

63
Q

I want the symptoms of measles, in order of appearance.

A
  1. fever
  2. cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
  3. Koplik’s spots
  4. rash
64
Q

Give me 2 complications of measles

A

measles encephalitis

SSPE

65
Q

What is ‘SSPE’ and when is it got?

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

measles

66
Q

Describe the management of measles.

A

isolate
supportive.

(if imm comp, ribavarin)

67
Q

An immmunocompromised child gets measles. What is the treatment?

A

isolate.
supportive.
RIBAVARIN

68
Q

what kind of med is ribavarin?

A

anti-viral

69
Q

what is the causative agent of mumps

A

mumps virus .

70
Q

which infection causes swelling of parotids

A

mumps

71
Q

what serum marker is raised in MUMPS?

A

plasma amylase

72
Q

what is treatmentfor mumps?

A

self-limiting

73
Q

apart from parotid swelling, what are 2 more symptoms of mumps?

A

earache

pain on eating/drinking

74
Q

This virus is devastating as a congenital infection but mild as a childhood infection, It causes maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy…

A

rubella

75
Q

If a child with sickle cell or thalassaemia gets slapped cheek (parvovirus b19) what can happen?

A

aplastic crisis

76
Q

What are the enteroviruses?

A

coxsackie, polio, echovirus

77
Q

coxsackie, polio and echovirus are all

A

enteroviruses

78
Q

your little girl has impetigo. should you be sending her to nursery?

A

no

79
Q

honey coloured lesions makes you think of

A

impetigo

80
Q

what kind of lesions do you get in impetigo

A

honey coloured

on face neck and hands

81
Q

what causes impetigo

A

staph / strep

superficial skin infection

82
Q

how contagious is impetigo

A

highly

83
Q

how do you treat mild impetigo

A

topical Abx cream

84
Q

how do you treat severe impetigo

A

fluclox

or co-amox

85
Q

what infection causes boils

A

staph aureus

infections of hair follicles and sweat glands

86
Q

child with fever, erythema and oedema of eyelid. What’s this?

A

periorbital cellulitis

from local trauma to skin, dental abscess, sinus inf

87
Q

Treatment for periorbital cellulits?

A

IV CEFTRIAXONE, quick!

to prevent ORBital cellulitis (proptosis, meningitis) (where supected, do CT head to check for posterior spreadintohead)

88
Q

Which bac cause toxic shock syndrome

A

staph

strep

89
Q

when i say strep in skin i mean

A

strep pyogenes (group A strep)

not group B strep, that’s strep agalactiae
(strep throat = strep pyogenes too)

90
Q
  1. Fever >39
  2. Hypotension
  3. Diffuse macular erythematous rash

what you thinking?

A

toxic shock syndrome

91
Q

What are the three signs of toxic shock syndrome?

A
  1. Fever >39
  2. Hypotension
  3. Diffuse macular erythematous rash
92
Q

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by toxins released from bac at any site, causing organ dysfunction! Which bacterias?

A

staph / strep

93
Q

Signs of toxic shock are fever, hypotension and rash. But what are some symptoms?

A 
Mucositis, 
vomiting/diarrhoea,
renal & liver, 
clotting & thrombocytopenia, 
...altered consciousness.
94
Q

Toxic shock syndrome needs treatment on ICU. With what?

A

IV Abx and surgical debridement of infection :/

95
Q

Cellulitis can be staph or strep, whereas erysipelas almost always…

A

group A strep

96
Q

What is the difference between where gets infection in cellulitis and in erysipelas?

A

erysipelas - upper dermis + superficial lymphatics

cellulitis - lower dermis + subcutaneous fat

97
Q

The rash is more RAISED in which, cellulitis or erysipelas?

A

ERYSIPELAS (rash more raised)

98
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A 
fever
headache
sandpaper maculopapular rash, starting at neck / chest
tonsilitis, sore throat
strawberry tongue
flushed cheeks w perioral sparing
99
Q

Scarlet fever rash is MACULOPAPULAR sandpaper rash. Where does it typically start?

A

neck

100
Q

What might a child with scarlet fever’s face look like?

A

flushed cheeks w perioral sparing
strawberry tongue

(red exudatey tonsils)

101
Q

Diagnosis of scarlet fever usually clinical. What investigations if in doubt?

A

throat swab and culture

102
Q

What is the difference between strep throat and scarlet fever?

A

both group A strep.
scarlet fever = strep throat with a rash
(caused by the TOXIN)

103
Q

How is scarlet fever spread?

A

droplet

104
Q

How is scarlet fever spread?

A

droplet

105
Q

Treatment for scarlet fever and strep throat?

A

10 days Pen V

rest, fluids, paracetamol

106
Q

Give me two rare but feared complications of scarlet fever.

A

rheumatic fever

post-strep glomerulonephritis

107
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

scalp ringworm

scaling and alopecia

108
Q

dermatophytosis , a.k.a

A

ringworm

fungal

109
Q

Annular fungal skin lesions in ringworm. Severe ring is called…

A

kerion

110
Q

Give me three types of tinea fungus ..

A

capitis, corporis, pedis, cruris (groin)

111
Q

How do you diagnose ringworm?

A

skin scrapings:
microscopy and culture

(fungal hyphae)

112
Q

What is the treatment for ringworm?

A

topical or systemic antifungal e.g. clotrimazole

treat dog or cat if infected

113
Q

eight-legged mite burrows down epidermis.

A

scabies

114
Q

differential of ringworm?

A 
granuloma annulare
(raised edge, yrs)
115
Q

what kind of agent is scabies?

A

parasitic

116
Q

when do you get itching from scabies?

A

2-6wks after infection

117
Q

what is main symptom of scabies?

A

ITCHING
(worse at night and in warmth)
can turn into RED RASH

118
Q

where on the body does scabies tend to go?

A

between fingers and toes
armpits
nipples, penis, buttocks

119
Q

If scabies burrows get really scratched, what might happen?

A

secondary infection

crusted pustular lesions

120
Q

How do you diagnose scabies?

A

skin scraping

  • microscopy - mites/eggs/mitepoo
121
Q

what is the scabies mite called?

A

sarcoptes scabei!

parasitic

122
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

PERMETHRIN cream over whole body
treat whole family!!

hotwash bedding and put clothes in sealed bag for 3ds
dont share towels / have sex

123
Q

what is pediculosis capitis?

A

head lice

nits are eggs

124
Q

What’s the treatment for nits?

A

DIMETICONE lotion

wet combing

125
Q

As well as acute glomerulonephritis, what else happens in Henoch Schonlein purpura?

A

symmetrical rash on
buttocks; arm/leg extensors; ankles

arthralgia
abdo pain

126
Q

What actually is Henoch Schonlein purpura?

A

VASCULITIS iga+g complexes

unknown cause, preceded by URTI

127
Q

Arthralgia
Abdo pain
Symmetrical rash on buttocks, arms/legs, ankles

and Acute glomerulonephritis.
What’s this?

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura

128
Q

sever bullous erythema multiforme involving mucus membs. from infection or drug reaction.

A

steven johnson syndrome

sepsis, electrolyte imbalance ://

129
Q

Word to describe rash which is…

flat, altered colour / texture

A

macular

130
Q

Word to describe rash which is…

raised

A

papular

131
Q

Roughening and accentuated skin markings is called

A

lichenification

132
Q

What is ulcer?

A

loss of epidermis and dermis

133
Q

Purpura = ?

A

bleeding into skin or mucosa

134
Q

Small purpura are called…

whereas large purpura are called…

A

petechiae

ecchymoses

135
Q

What do measles, rubella, scarlet fever, and slapped cheek all have in common?

A

MACULOPAPULAR

136
Q

give me some key infective causes of maculopapular rash

A

measles, rubella, scarlet fever, slapped cheek

137
Q

What kind of rash is chickenpox and shingles?

A

VESICULAR

138
Q

what kind of rash is impetigo?

A

VESICULAR

139
Q

Give me 3 things which would give PURPURIC rash?

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura
malaria
septicaemia

140
Q

Give me 4 VIRAL causes of fever and rash?

A

parvovirus
measles
rubella
chickenpox

(eczema herpeticum, roseola infantum)

141
Q

Give 2 BACTERIAL causes of fever and rash?

A

scarlet fever

impetigo

142
Q

Give me 3 non infective causes of fever and rash?

A

kawasaki
systemic JIA
henoch schonlein purpura

Paediatrics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions