Spotlight Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Pope Gregory I
A
- leader of RCC from 590-604
- helped to organize chants that had accumulated; led to establishment of uniform liturgical service
2
Q
Liber usualis
A
- Latin for “Book of Common Use”
- 19th century book with almost 2000 pages containing many settings of ordinary and frequently used texts and chants for specific rituals
3
Q
Hildegard Von Bingen
A
- founded religious order in Rupertsberg
- famous for scientific writings, visions and prophecies
- wrote music and poetry
4
Q
Musica enchiriadis
A
- Latin for “Music Handbook”
- contains earliest examples of notated polyphony in western art music
5
Q
Notre Dame School
A
- common style represented by collective work of the group
Leonin
- first composer of polyphony
- produced two part organum
- wrote Magnus Liber Organi
Perotin
- expanded polyphonic technique by composing 3 and 4 part polyphony
6
Q
Phillipe de Vitry
A
- author of Ars Nova
- innovator in notation of rhythm
- broke free from older patterns and rhythms, used isorhythm
7
Q
Ars nova
A
- Latin for “new art”
- term used by historians when referring to 14th century music in France
- a treatise
8
Q
Messe de Nostre Dame
A
- Latin for “Mass of Our Lady”
- among earliest complete polyphonic settings of Mass Ordinary
- 4 voices, employs isorhythm
9
Q
Chansonnier du Roy
A
- French for “Songbook of the King”
- anonymous 13th century French manuscript
- contains troubadour and trouvere songs and 8 monophonic dances
10
Q
Franco-Flemish School
A
- group of composers who flourished in 15th and 16th centuries
- known for vocal polyphony and highly developed contrapuntal style
Eg. Josquin des Prez
11
Q
Musica Transalpina
A
- Latin for “Music From Beyond the Alps”
- London, 1588 by Nicholas Yonge
- first printed collection of Italian madrigals in England (contains 57 pieces by 18 composers)
12
Q
Fitzwilliam Virginial Book
A
- collection of English keyboard music with close to 300 works
- includes a variety of styles
- idiomatic approach to keyboard writing
13
Q
Florentine Camerata
A
- group of intellectuals, poets and musicians who are credited with the creation of opera
- developed monody
14
Q
Le nouve musiche
A
- Italian for “new music”
- published by Giulio Caccini
- contains musical examples and prose descriptions of monody
15
Q
Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach
A
- contributed to development of sonata form
- author of important treatise Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments (1753) that served as practical guide including correct execution of ornaments
16
Q
Sturm und Drang
A
- German for “storm and stress”
- literary movement aiming to frighten, shock, overwhelm reader with emotion
- in music = passionate outbursts and emphasis on minor keys
17
Q
Mannheim School
A
- group of composers active in Mannheim, Germany in latter half of 18th century
- developed orchestral crescendo and rocket theme
18
Q
Gluck and Operatic Reform
A
- restored dramatic integrity to opera
- restoration of chorus, minimizing contrast between recitative and aria, etc.
19
Q
Martin Luther
A
- German priest, leader of the Protestant Reformation and founder of Lutheran church
- posted “95 Theses” in 1517
20
Q
The Reformation
A
- founded by Martin Luther
- 16th century Christian reform movement in Europe
- resulted in formation of many new Protestant denominations
21
Q
The Counter-Reformation
A
- mid 16th century reaction of Catholic Church to Protestant Reformation
- church’s attempt to win back support and regain political power
22
Q
Council of Trent
A
- series of meetings of highest Catholic Church officials
- Trento, Italy from 1545-1563
- condemned “Protestant heresies” and reaffirmed doctrines of Catholicism
