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NEUR3005 > Spot Test Functions > Flashcards

Spot Test Functions Flashcards

1
Q

CHOROID PLEXUS

A

major site of production of cerebrospinal fluid

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2
Q

SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM

A

forms a partition between the two lateral ventricles

made up of ependyma and a few scattered groups of neurons, which are associated with the limbic system

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3
Q

CAUDATE NUCLEUS

A

part of the striatum, plays an important role in the initiation and control of gross movements of the body

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4
Q

CORPUS CALLOSUM

A

a cerebral commissure, allows info to be transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other, enabling memory traces to be stored bilaterally

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5
Q

FORNIX

A

major output pathway of the hippocampal formation

contains fibres which pass from the hippocampus to the septal area, mammillary body and anterior nucleus as well as the hippocampal formation on the other side

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6
Q

STRIA TERMINALIS

A

major pathway transmitting efferents from the amygdala to the septal area and hypothalamus

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7
Q

PINEAL GLAND

A

secretes melatonin, which regulates the production of antigonadotropic hormone by the thalamus

also important in regulation of circadian rhythms

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8
Q

ANTERIOR NUCLEUS OF THALAMUS

A

major thalamic component of the limbic system, and is involved in the control of behaviour and emotion

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9
Q

GLOBUS PALLIDUS INTERNAL

A

major output nucleus of the basal ganglia

sends inhibitory fibres to the thalamus

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10
Q

GLOBUS PALLIDUS EXTERNAL

A

component of the indirect loop of the basal ganglia

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11
Q

PUTAMEN

A

part of the striatum, which plays an important role in the intiation and control of gross movements of the body

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12
Q

What are the main output nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A

globus pallidus and substantia nigra

from here, fibres extend to the thalamus and other areas; projections from the thalamus carry the info back to the cortex

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13
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

maintainenance of homeostasis, regulation of feeding, drinking and sexual activity, circadian rhythms and emotional expression

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14
Q

CLAUSTRUM

A

has widespread connections with all lobes of the cerebral cortex but its functional significance is not well understood

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15
Q

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

A

important in control of movement

integrates outflow from other parts of basal ganglia and relays it to other centres, in particular the motor nuclei of thalamus

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16
Q

THALAMUS

A

important relay and integration centre for both sensory and motor info en route to cortex

also involved in regulating overall activity levels in the cortex

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17
Q

VENTRAL ANTERIOR NUCLEUS OF THALAMUS

A

helps in regulating activity in the premotor area of cortex

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18
Q

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

A

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

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19
Q

PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY

A

important centre in modulating pain transmission in the spinal cord, particularly in conditions of extreme stress

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20
Q

EDINGER-WESTPHAL NUCLEUS

A

contains cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic (GVE) fibres of the oculomotor nerve (CN3)

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21
Q

CORTICOPONTINE TRACT

A

transmits info from all areas of the cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nuclei

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22
Q

DECUSSATION OF THE SCP

A

site of crossing of axons which originated the dentate and interposed nuclei of the cerebellum

they terminate in the red nucleus or the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus

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23
Q

TECTUM

A

roof of the midbrain formed by SCol (involved in visual reflexes) and ICol (auditory relay nuclei)

24
Q

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

A

controls precision and speed of skilled mvmts involving distal muscles of contralateral limbs, particularly hands and fingers

25
Q

INFERIOR BRACHIUM

A

transmits auditory info from ICol to MG of the thalamus

26
Q

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

A

transmits pain and temperature sensations from the spinal cord to the thalamus

27
Q

TEGMENTUM

A

core of the brainstum, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending sensory pathways, reticular formation and PAG matter and is involved in a variety of functions

28
Q

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

A

important role in control of movement. sends dopaminergic fibres to striatum and when damaged, results in Parkinson’s disease

29
Q

RUBROSPINAL TRACT

A

assists in the control of movements of hands and fingers

30
Q

What structures are supplied by the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY?

A

inferior surface of temporal lobe

medial surface of parietal and occipital lobes (including V1)

31
Q

CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES

A

numerous functions including somatosensory perception, motor and autonomic control

32
Q

TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS

A

controls the activity of the contralateral superior oblique muscle

33
Q

PONTOCEREBELLAR TRACT

A

massive pathway transmitting information from the pontine nuclei to the cerebellum and is important in the coordination of movement

34
Q

MEDIAL LEMNISCUS

A

transmits sensations of discriminative touch, vibration and proprioception from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

35
Q

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS

A

pathway through which eye movements are coordinated with changes in head position

36
Q

TECTOSPINAL TRACT

A

function in humans not precisely determined but thought to mediate reflex movements of head in response to visual and perhaps auditory stimuli

37
Q

SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE (tracts involved)

A

formed mainly be efferent tracts passing from the cerebellum to the red nucleus and thalamus as well as the ventral spinocerebellar tracts

38
Q

TRIGEMINAL NERVE

A

(CNV) major nerve transmitting general sensations (GSA) from structures in the head to the brainstem

it also contains motor (GVE) fibres which supply the muscles of mastication

39
Q

INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE

A

formed by pathways in both directions between the medulla and cerebellum

40
Q

MIDDLE CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE

A

transmit impulses from the contralateral pontine nuclei to the cerebellum

41
Q

SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

A

modifies transmission of auditory signals to higher centres and is important in the localisation of sound and in reducing background noise

42
Q

DENTATE NUCLEUS

A

connections with pontine nuclei, cortex of cerebellar hemispheres and thalamic motor nuclei

plays important role in planning and coordination of voluntary movements

43
Q

ABDUCENS NERVE

A

(CNVI) supplies somatic motor fibres to lateral rectus muscle which abducts the eye (turns it laterally)

44
Q

TRAPEZOID BODY

A

formed by decussating auditory fibres and provides for bilateral projections to the auditory cortex

45
Q

FACIAL NUCLEUS

A

facial motor nucleus contains cell bodies of the motor (SVE) fibres of the facial n. (CN VII) and thus controls activity of muscles of facial expression as well as the stapedius m. (which dampens excessively loud sounds)

46
Q

SUPERIOR VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS

A

regulation of posture and coordination of eye and head movements

47
Q

LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS

A

contains cell bodies of the (lateral) vestibulospinal tract which regulates activity of axial and proximal limb muscles in order to maintain balance and posture

48
Q

NODULE

A

nodule of cerebellum has important role in maintenance of balance and equilibrium

49
Q

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

A

(CN VIII) transmits auditory and vestibular sensations from receptors in the inner ear to nuclei in the brainstem

50
Q

BASILAR ARTERY (supplies?)

A

blood supply to cerebellum, pons, midbrain, posterior thalamus, part of the temporal (inferior surface) and occipital (medial and inferior surfaces) lobes

51
Q

VESTIBULOCEREBELLUM

A

balance (flocculi + nodulus)

52
Q

SPINOCEREBELLUM

A

gate and posture (vermis + paravermal regions)

53
Q

What is the RELAY for the CEREBROCEREBELLUM?

A

dentate nucleus

54
Q

What is the output of dopaminergic neurons of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and the result of this output?

A

dopaminergic neurons of SN project to the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN, resulting in modulation of basal ganglia pathways

55
Q

What is the location of the BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

NEUR3005 (15 decks)

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