Sports Psychology : Ms Barret

Question 1

What is the DEFINITION of PERSONALITY?

Answer 1

• UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS of an individual
• Knowledge about PERSONALITY is important to ensure OPTIMUM SPORTING PERFORMANCE

Question 2

What are 6 FACTORS that can AFFECT and individuals PERSONALITY?

Answer 2

• Traits
• Intro / Extro Version
• Neurotic / Stable
• Type A / B
• Interactionist
• Social Learning

Question 3

What is the INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE that PERSONALITIES refer to?

Answer 3

The way in which someone:
- Thinks
- Feels
- Behaves

Question 4

What does the TRAIT THEORY suggest?

Answer 4

• It suggests that you are BORN with a CERTAIN PERSONALITY TRAIT
• Which remains the SAME throughout life

Question 5

What FEATURES does the TRAIN THEORY INCLUDE?

Answer 5

• General- Covering all situations
• Underlying- Inside of and a part of the person
• Enduring- Long lasting
• Predisposition- Formed at an early age

Question 6

What is the meaning of STABILITY in context of PERSONALITIES?

Answer 6

• Unchanging Behaviour Patterns

Question 7

What is the meaning of NEUROTICISM in context of PERSONALITIES?

Answer 7

• Unpredictable Change In Behaviour

Question 8

What is the meaning of INTROVERSION in context of PERSONALITIES?

Answer 8

• Isolation, Independence, Shyness & Quiet

Question 9

What is the meaning of EXTROVERSION in context of PERSONALITIES?

Answer 9

• Liveliness, Sociability, Impulsiveness, Excitability

Question 10

EYSENECK identified a 2D VIEW of PERSONALITY as 4 TYPES
What are they?

Answer 10

• Stable Extrovert
• Stable Introvert
• Unstable/Neurotic Extrovert
• Unstable/Neurotic Introvert

Question 11

What are the CHARACTERISTICS of a STABLE EXTROVERT?

Answer 11

• Talkative, Outgoing, Carefree, Easy Going
• Shows Leadership Qualities

Question 12

What are the CHARACTERISTICS of a STABLE INTROVERT?

Answer 12

Careful, Thoughtful, Controlled, Reliable, Even Tempered

Question 13

What are the CHARACTERISTICS of a UNSTABLE/NEUROTIC EXTROVERT?

Answer 13

Restless, Aggressive, Excitable, Changeable

Question 14

What are the CHARACTERISTICS of a UNSTABLE/NEUROTIC INTROVERT?

Answer 14

Anxious, Sober, Rigid, Pessimistic

Question 15

What is INTRO/EXTRO VERSION CONTROLLED by?

Answer 15

~75% of it is controlled by genes

Question 16

What is NEUROTIC/STABLE CONTROLLED by?

Answer 16

Stress Levels

Question 17

What is PSYCOTISM/NORMALITY CONTROLLED by?

Answer 17

Testosterone Levels

Question 18

What ENVIRONMENT do EXTROVERTS tend to ACHIEVE BETTER PERFORMANCE in?

Answer 18

• HIGH levels of AROUSAL & TEAM GAMES
• Or those including GROSS MOTOR SKILLS

Question 19

What ENVIRONMENT do INTROVERTS tend to ACHIEVE BETTER PERFORMACNE in?

Answer 19

LOWER levels of AROUSAL

Question 20

What does CATTELLS PERSONALITY THEORY state?

Answer 20

• There is a HIERACRCHY of traits
• All traits are on a CONTINUUM & everyone contains SOME of the traits

Question 21

What are the 2 TYPES of TRAITS according to CATTELL?

Answer 21

• Surface Traits - Influence behavior at diff levels of intensities ( LOW score of Continuum)
• Source Traits - Most imp factor (TOP of the Continuum)

Question 22

What does the INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE state?

Answer 22

• Suggests TRAITS determine Behavior
• But can be MODIFIED depending on the SITCH

Question 23

What is HOLLANDERS 3 LAYERS?

Answer 23

• Psychological Core
• Typical Responses
• Role Related Behaviour

Question 24

Explain HOLLANDERS PSYCHOLOGICAL CORE

Answer 24

• Psychological Core - Inner core of Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes. This is fairly Permanent and hard to Change

Question 25

Explain HOLLANDERS TYPICAL RESPONSES

Answer 25

• Typical Responses - Middle Layer, Shows how we TYPICALLY RESPOND to a SITCH based on PC

Question 26

Explain HOLLANDERS ROLE RELATED BEHAVIOR

Answer 26

• Role Related Behavior - Outer Layer, Shows ACTUAL responses to diff SITCH
• Most CHANGEABLE part of Personality

Question 27

What are the 3 COMPONENTS of the TRAIDIC MODEL?

Answer 27

• Cognitive
• Affective
• Behavioral

Question 28

Describe the COGNITIVE COMPONENT of the TRAIDIC MODEL

Answer 28

• Knowledge and Information, That helps FORM a BELIEF
  —> E.g, If you Believe Training 3x weekly improves QOL, you have that INFO to back up opinion

Question 29

Describe the AFFECTIVE COMPONENT of the TRAIDIC MODEL

Answer 29

• Consists of FEELINGS of an EMOTIONAL response towards the TOPIC
  —> E.g, Feeling GOOD whilst training and ENJOYING it

Question 30

Describe the BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT of the TRAIDIC MODEL

Answer 30

• The INTENDED BEHAVIOR towards a TOPIC
  —> E.g, You INTEND to Train 3x Weekly

Question 31

What does FESTRINGER’S COGNITIVE DISSONANCE theory state?

Answer 31

• Suggests that if a person holds 2 IDEAS that hold CONFLICT with each other
• An element of DISSONANCE (Emotional Discomfort) occurs

Question 32

What are the EFFECTS of AROUSAL?

Answer 32

• Decrease / Increase in Performance
• Concentration and Motivation

Question 33

What is meant by the term ANXIETY?

Answer 33

• Negative effects of STRESS caused by an APPREHENSION

Question 34

What can CAUSE ANXIETY?

Answer 34

• Sporting Sitch
• Crowd
• Personal Life

Question 35

What is SPEILBERGERS TRAIT ANXIETY?

Answer 35

• Trait Anxiety - An INBUILT part of personality which can cause someone to:
• Be Fearful or Unfamiliar of a Sitch
• Perceive COMP Sitch as Threatening
• Respond COMP Sitch with Apprehension

Question 36

What is SPEILBERGERS STATE ANXIETY?

Answer 36

• Occurs as an EMOTIONAL RESPONSE linked to PERFORMERS CURRENT mood
• Can switch from moment to moment

Question 37

What are the 3 DIMENSION of ANXIETY?

Answer 37

• Cognitive
• Somative
• Behavioral

Question 38

What is COGNITIVE ANXIETY?

Answer 38

• Thoughts or worry of being able to COMPLETE a TASK
• Usually before an EVENT

Question 39

What is SOMATIC ANXIETY?

Answer 39

• Physiological effects: HR, Sweating, BP
• Usually reduce once event has STARTED

Question 40

What is BEHAVIORAL ANXIETY?

Answer 40

• Factors such as Tension, Agitation, Restlessness