Sports Psychology Flashcards
What are the mental skills
MACCS:
motivation
Arousal
Concentration
Self confidence
Stress
What are the mental skills strategies
Grips:
Goal setting
Relaxation
Imagery
Performance routines
Self talk
Two types of motivation are
Intrinsic & extrinsic
What mental skill strategies improve motivation
Goal setting
Self talk
Performance routines
How does the optimal level of arousal vary
According to task complexity -
Not many relevant cues - low arousal
Lots of relevant cues - high arousal
How to increase arousal
Self talk
Imagery
Music
How to decrease arousal
Self talk
Relaxation
Music
Self fulfilling prophecy
Expectation of success
|. \
|. \
Self ____________Successful Performance
Confidence
Increases
How to improve confidence
Positive self talk
Imagery
Performance routines
Goal setting (when goal is achieved)
Good stress and bad stress
Good = eustress
Bad = distress
What is state anxiety
Anxiety relating to a person’s environment & events occurring in their life
Trait anxiety
Personality based - just a stress-prone person
How to reduce stress
Relaxation
Imagery
Self talk
Performance routines
How to increase concentration
Performance routines
Imagery
Self talk
What does goal setting affect
⬆️ Motivation. (Could decrease if goals are too easy)
⬆️Conficence
Methods of relaxation
Yoga
Progressive muscle relaxation
Float tanks
Controlled Breathing
What does relaxation affect
⬇️ arousal & stress
⬆️ concentration (allows to focus on relevant cues)
What’s imagery
Visualisation of the event with as many senses as possible
What does imagery affect
⬇️ stress
⬆️ self confidence & concentration
What do performance routines affect
⬆️concentration
⬇️arousal & stress
What does positive self talk affect
⬆️ motivation, concentration, self confidence, arousal
⬇️ stress
What’s group cohesion
The degree to which a team has bonded and demonstrates collective cooperation toward group goals
What’s task cohesion
Degree of commitment to group tasks and goals
What’s social cohesion
The solidarity of relationships between group members
What are the 3 categories of intereaction
- Co acting (solo)
- Mixed (combination of both)
- Interacting (requires teamwork to achieve goals)
Factors affecting group cohesion
PELT:
Personal
Environmental
Leadership
Team
Environmental factors affecting cohesion
- forces that hold the group together
Eg. Contracts, expectations, scholarships, uniforms, age, group size
Personal Factors affecting cohesion
Task motivation
Affiliation motivation
Self motivation
Gender
Social background
Leadership factors affecting cohesion
- Leadership style and decision making style.
- ## Relationships between leaders and group members
Team factors affecting cohesion
- winning and loosing can create cohesion
- desire for group success
- shared desire for success
- shared history (eg. Lost the grandy last year makes you want to win more)
- representing something as a team (eg your school at country week)
What’s social loafing
A decrease in effort by an individual within a team setting due to the presence of other team members. As team size increases, the chance of social loafing increases
How does loafing affect group cohesion
It decreases group cohesion
- also ⬇️ perf. & team confidence
What causes loafing
- When an individual believes that their contribution doesn’t impact the end result
- an individual doesn’t like working hard
- believes their lack of effort will go unnoticed
How to minimise loafing
- team rules
- video session
- provide opportunity for cohesion
How to improve cohesion
- Goal setting
- understanding roles within the group
- adjust leadership style to the team
- team building activities
- allow bonding time for players
- communication activities
- social activities eg. BBQ
How to measure cohesion
Questionnaires
Sociograms
Observation schedules
Things that disrupt cohesion
- personality clashes
- unclear roles
- frequent changes
- disagreement on activities
- lack of communication
- power struggles
Examples of loafing
- lack of responsibilities for players
- when individuals believe others aren’t working as hard so they too decrease their effort
- lack of feedback from leaders & peers
- players don’t believe their contribution is important for success
- individuals are lazy and don’t work hard
- lack of communication between players and leaders
