Motor Learning & Coaching Flashcards
What is transfer of learning
The effect a past experience has on the acquisition of a new skill
Types of skill transfer
- positive/negative/zero
- skill to skill/ theory to practice/ training to competition
Proactive skill to skill
When a previously learned skill affects acquisition of a new skill
Retroactive skill to skill
New skill affects previously learned skill
Stimulus generalisation
When transfer of a previously learned skill can be applied across many sports
Eg. Catching a ball can be applied across sports
Response generalisation
Ability of a performer to vary the skill to their advantage
Eg. Serve reception in volleyball can dig but can’t set so server does high serves to their advantage
What is skill to skill transfer
When a previously learned skill has an effect on learning a new skill
What is theory to practice
The transfer of theoretical skills into practise
Eg. Strategies, tactics, skills
What is training to competition
The transfer of skills learned in training to a competitive environment
Eg. - Develop skills, decision making & fitness to transfer to comp.
Effects of skill transfer
Positive - learning of one skill assisted by ability to perform another
Negative - learning of one skill is inhibited by the ability to perform another
Zero - no effect on current perf
Direct vs Bilateral transfer
- Direct transfer occurs between dif skills
- bilateral occurs for dif. Limbs (ambidextrous)
training methods for simple skills
Imitation
Whole
Training methods for skills between simple & complex
Part method
Static-dynamic
Steps of teaching skills
- introduce skill
- demonstrate & explain
- practice
- feedback
What’s shaping
When you start with a simplified version of a skill and slowly modify until it looks how it should
Steps of shaping
- performer can perform skill
- provide practice
- add missing elements
- practise
- build speed/accuracy/coordination
What is chaining
When a skill is taught by breaking it into parts and practising individually and sequentially before being linked together.
Can be performed backwards in skills where final aspect is most important
When is an authoritarian coach useful
- establishing dominance (pre season)
- when team is winning
- males
- finals
When is a democratic coach useful
- In season, finals, pre season
- create mutual respect in team
When is a laissez Faire coach useful
- social games
- enjoyment
- pre season (observe natural leaders)
Formats for analysing performance
- lab testing
- field testing
- comp. Analysis
Types of analysis
- qualitative
- quantitative
Steps in Knudsen-Morrison (motion analysis) model
- Preparation
- Observation phase
- Evaluation
- Intervention
- Re-Observation
↪️. 2
Prep Phase (KM model)
Coach develops strong prerequisite knowledge about a skill
Observation phase (KM model)
Systematic gathering of data about performance
- video
- checklist
- journal
- questionnaires
Evaluation phase (KM model)
Identify strengths and weaknesses of performance
- prioritise weakness
Intervention phase (KM model)
Provide feedback and suggest methods to improve
Re observation phase (KM model)
Observe the performer in a similar context to initial observation to see if changes implemented have improved performance
Tools of reflective learning
Journal
Video analysis
Peer/mentor/coach
Questionnaires
Reasons for feedback
- motivate performer
- improve performance
- reinforce learning
External intrinsic feedback
Received by the athlete as a result of their performance through their senses
External augmented feedback
Feedback that comes from a source other than the athlete
Cues:
Visual, verbal, proprioceptive, written
