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Physiology Finals > Sports Physiology > Flashcards

Sports Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Slow Twitch Muscle Fiber

A

Type 1

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2
Q

Where does Estrogen increases the deposition of Fat to?

A

Breast, Hips and Subcutaneous Tissue

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3
Q

At time of exhaustion, how many percent of energy is derived from fats rather than carbs

A

60-85%

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4
Q

What Energy system is used for 1500 meter skating

A

Glycogen Lactic Acid System and Aerobic Systems

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5
Q

Lactic acid oxygen amounts to

A

about 8 liters

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6
Q

This energy system uses the oxidation of foodstuffs in the Mitochondria to provide energy

A

Aerobic Sytem

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7
Q

This energy system is used by the muscle for prolonged athletic activity

A

Aerobic System

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8
Q

It has a powerful anabolic effect in causing greatly increased deposition of protein in the body especially in the muscles

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Muscle Power is measured in

A

Kilogram meters (Kg-m) per minute

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10
Q

Power is determined by

A

Strength of Muscle Contraction, Distance of Contraction and Number of times it contracts each minute

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11
Q

The Strength of the muscle in determined by its

A

Size, with a maximal contractile force between 3 and 4 kg/cm

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12
Q

What is the source of energy actually used to cause muscle contraction?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

What are the Muscle Metabolic Systems in Exercise

A

Phosphocreatine-creatine system
Glycogen-Lactic System
Aerobic System

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14
Q

What Energy system is used for 100 meter dash

A

Phosphagen Entirely

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15
Q

Changes that occur inside Hypertrophied muscle fibers

A

Increase number of myofibrils
120% increase in mitochondrial enzymes
60-80% increase in components of phosphagen metabolic sytem
50% increase in glycogen
75-100% increase in triglyceride

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16
Q

Endurance is enhanced by

A

a high carbohydrate diet

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17
Q

Normal O2 consumption for untrained average male

A

3600ml/min

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18
Q

Normal O2 consumption for young man at rest

A

250ml/min

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19
Q

How many calories are released after the the removal of the 1st phosphate in the phosphate bond

A

7300 Calories

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20
Q

The Power of the muscle is determined by

A

Distance of Contraction and the number of times that it contracts each minute

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21
Q

Normal O2 consumption for Male Marathon Runner

A

5100ml/min

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22
Q

This energy system is used by the muscle for power surges

A

Phosphagen System

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23
Q

Special characteristic of energy transfer from phosphocreatine to ATP

A

Occurs within a small fraction of a second making all the energy stored in the muscle Phosphocreatine is almost instantaneously available for muscle contraction

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24
Q

Removal of lactic acid is achieved in two ways

A

A small portion of it is converted back into pyruvic acid and then metabolized oxidatively by the body tissues

Remaining lactic acid is reconverted into glucose mainly in the liver

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25
Q

It depends on the amount of Glycogen that has been stored into the muscle before the period of exercise

A

Endurance

26
Q

Alacticid oxygen debt amounts to

A

3.5 liters

27
Q

This energy system is used for Maximal Short Bursts of Muscle power

A

Phosphagen Energy System

28
Q

Measure of the rate at which oxygen can diffuse from the pulmonary alveoli into the blood

A

Oxygen diffusing capacity

29
Q

What Energy system is used for 200 meter dash

A

Phosphagen and Glycogen Lactic Acid System

30
Q

What is the Average body fat composition of a nonathletic female?

A

27%

31
Q

Maximal Power achieved by all the muscles in the body of a highly trained athlete in the next 1 minute is

A

4000 Kg-m/min

32
Q

Normal O2 consumption for athletically trained average male

A

4000ml/min

33
Q

It provides 1.3 to 1.6 minutes of maximal muscle activity at reduced muscle power

A

Glycogen-Lactic Acid System

34
Q

When taken a high fat diet how many minutes till exhaustion

A

85 mins
Amount of Glycogen stored: 6 g/kg Muscle

35
Q

How many calories are released after the the removal of the 2nd phosphate in the phosphate bond

A

14,600 Calories

36
Q

Fast Glycolytic Muscle Fiber

A

Type 2B

37
Q

What Energy system is used for 400 meter dash

A

Glycogen Lactic Acid System mainly

38
Q

It can easily provide enough energy to reconstitute the high energy bond of ATP

A

Phosphocreatine

39
Q

When taken a high carb diet how many minutes till exhaustion

A

240 mins
Amount of Glycogen stored: 40 g/kg Muscle

40
Q

Results from increased diameter of the muscle fibers

A

Hypertrophy

41
Q

Most Energy is derived from _________ during the first few seconds or minutes of exercise

A

Carbohydrates

42
Q

Removal of excess lactic acid is especially important because

A

lactic acid causes extreme fatigue

43
Q

What female sex hormone accounts for the difference between female and male performance?

A

Estrogen

44
Q

What do you call the combined amounts of ATP and cell phosphocreatine

A

Phosphagen energy system

45
Q

How many Moles of ATP/Min in Glycogen Lactic Acid System

A

2.5

46
Q

What Energy system is used for Jogging

A

Aerobic System

47
Q

How many Moles of ATP/Min in Aerobic System

A

1

48
Q

How many Moles of ATP/Min in Phosphagen System

A

4

49
Q

Maximal Power achieved by all the muscles in the body of a highly trained athlete in the next 30 minutes is

A

1700 Kg-m/min

50
Q

What Energy system is used for 800 meter dash

A

Glycogen Lactic Acid System and Aerobic Systems

51
Q

Formula for Muscle Mechanical Work

A

Force applied by the muscle x Distance Force is applied

52
Q

The holding strength of the muscle is about

A

40% greater than contractile strength

53
Q

This energy system forms considerable amounts of ATP without the use of oxygen

A

Glycogen-Lactic Acid System

54
Q

How many calories are released after the the removal of the 3rd phosphate in the phosphate bond

A

21,900 Calories

55
Q

Fast Oxidative Muscle Fiber

A

Type 2A

56
Q

Maximal Power achieved by all the muscles in the body of a highly trained athlete in the First 8-10 seconds is

A

7000 Kg-m/min

57
Q

How many liters of oxygen must be consumed to reconstitute both the phosphagen system and lactic acid system

A

9

58
Q

What are the energy nutrients of choice for intense muscle activity

A

Muscle Glycogen and Blood Glucose

59
Q

What is the effect of increased oxygen consumption in cardiac output

A

it dilates muscle blood levels increasing venous return and cardiac output

60
Q

What is the Average body fat composition of a nonathletic male?

A

15%

61
Q

When taken a mixed diet how many minutes till exhaustion

A

120 mins
Amount of Glycogen stored: 20 g/Kg muscle

Physiology Finals (3 decks)

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