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PDHPE > Sports Medicine Projected Content > Flashcards

Sports Medicine Projected Content Flashcards

1
Q

Why are females at higher risk of eating disorders?

A
  • Often under pressure to fit the social forces of the female beauty and physique whilst still being a great athlete.
  • Dozens of research studies confirmed most people view sports through a gendered lens e.g. 2017 study showed tennis is highly sexualised.
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2
Q

What happens when a female athlete contracts an eating disorder?

A
  • Decreases energy and nutrient intake, adversely affecting performance, health and recovery.
  • Can cause iron deficiency and low bone density.
  • Affects menstruation and skeletal health.
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3
Q

How does pregnancy affect female athletes?

A
  • Any benefits, such as increased haemoglobin, are used for the baby.
  • Centre of gravity shifts making women more unstable, and increases intensity of sports due to weight gain.
  • Increased flexibility due to greater relaxin hormone, but should not move beyond its ROM to avoid dislocation.
  • Can cause iron deficiency and low bone density.
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4
Q

How does low bone density affect female athletes?

A
  • More susceptible to structural weakening and fractures.
  • Injuries due to low bone density take longer to heal.
  • Affects participation as a result.
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5
Q

How does iron deficiency/anaemia affect female athletes?

A
  • Can’t deliver enough oxygen to muscles due to worsened oxygen binding to haemoglobin.
  • Causes faster fatigue - training and performance cannot be sustained for long durations.
  • Affects participation.
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6
Q

What is taping?

A

Application of strapping or bandages to a joint area to protect, support or strengthen the joint during movement.

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7
Q

What are the main aims of taping?

A
  • Decrease ROM of a joint.
  • Prevent certain movements whilst not impeding others.
  • Increase the joint’s proprioceptive awareness.
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8
Q

How does preventative taping work?

A
  • Provides feedback to the athlete by pulling on the skin when the tape is stretched, providing a sensation, enticing the athlete to reduce their ROM.
  • Also works as a placebo - makes athletes confident in their movements, making them biomechanical efficient, making them less likely to suffer injury.
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9
Q

What is prophylactic taping?

A

Mainly used for ligament sprains, limiting joint mobility to prevent further injury and to return to play sooner.

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10
Q

What is the disadvantage of prophylactic taping?

A
  • Can only be kept on for a short time, and impedes ROM.
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11
Q

What is kinaesthetic/kinesio taping?

A

A blend of cotton and nylon - mimics the skin’s elasticity so you can use your full ROM.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of kinesio taping?

A
  • Water-resistant and strong enough to stay on for days, when when taking showers.
  • Can use full ROM.
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13
Q

What is the purpose of taping for isolation of injury?

A

Reducing pain during exercise and preventing further injury as the athlete is rehabbed and begins to return to play.

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14
Q

What are the goals of taping in the treatment/isolation of injury?

A
  • Limit ROM.
  • Provide proprioceptive feedback to stimulate muscles for stability.
  • Increases joint stability.
  • Shift anatomic parts such as patella into the correct position.
  • Compress soft tissue to reduce inflammation.
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15
Q

What is bandaging for immediate treatment of injury part of?

A

RICER

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16
Q

What are the benefits of bandaging for immediate treatment of injury?

A
  • Applies pressure to injured areas and helps force fluid away from the area, or restricts it coming in, reducing inflammatory response - helps prevent tissue damage from heightened response.
  • Reduces bleeding.
  • Reduces movement, limiting re-injury, and proving support to the injured area.
  • Restricts movement, but not so much as to impede rehab.
17
Q

How do heart conditions impact adult and aged athletes?

A

Places extra strain on the circulatory system.

18
Q

What should adult and aged athletes with heart conditions do before undertaking sport?

A
  • Get medical clearance.
  • If condition is already known, may be asked to complete a stress test to check if it’s safe to participate in certain sports at certain intensities.
  • Need to be prescreened.
19
Q

How can adult and aged athletes with heart conditions participate in sport?

A

SEVERE STROKE SUFFERERS:
- Machines and equipment are available.

HYPERTENSION:
- Take blood thinners, reducing likelihood of stroke.

OTHER CONDITIONS WHERE SPORT IS NOT RECOMMENDED:
- Low-intensity sport such as Tai Chi.

GENERAL:
- Exercise with experienced people.
- Stop exercise in the event of unusual symptoms such as dizziness.

20
Q

How can adult and aged athletes with flexibility and joint problems participate in sport?

A
  • Gentle static stretching and careful dynamic stretching.
  • Do sports that are easy on the joints such as swimming.
  • Increase flexibility by slowly increasing ROM - start at low level.
21
Q

What should adult and aged athletes with flexibility and joint problems avoid?

A
  • Ballistic and PNF stretching.
22
Q

What are the body’s 4 mechanisms for temperature regulation?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation
23
Q

What is conduction?

A

Transfer of heat between 2 objects in contact with each other.

24
Q

How can conduction be used?

A
  • Warm body temperature when competing in cold environments and vice-versa through heat transfer.
25
Q

What are the advantages of conduction?

A
  • ## Instant effect.
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of conduction?

A
  • Temporary as object becomes hot/cold soon.
  • Not effective in extreme temperature conditions as object can be affected severely and not work properly.
  • Relies on an external factor to assist with regulation - therefore, when object is removed, regular condition returns.
27
Q

What is convection?

A

Occurs when fluid, either air or water, passes over the skin and draws heat away from the body.

28
Q

How can convection be used?

A
  • Use hot/cold air flow to change body temperature.
  • Wear loose clothing on hot days to increase air touching skin.
29
Q

What are the advantages of convection?

A
  • Do not have to clutch objects or focus much on using methods of temp reg.
  • Easy.
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of convection?

A
  • Temporary - body temperature can rise/fall again once the air/water element has been removed and if appropriate attire isn’t used to assist the process.
31
Q

What is radiation?

A

Heat coming from a source and travelling through space.

32
Q

How can radiation be used?

A
  • Loose and light-coloured clothing can be worn to reflect the Sun’s rays and prevent heat from getting trapped under the skin.
33
Q

What is the advantage of radiation?

A
  • Easy, and athlete may not have to do anything on cold days.
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of radiation?

A

Most ineffective method of temperature regulation.
- Still slightly pierces the clothing and warms the body.
- Very hard to cool down.

35
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation occurs when warm moisture on the skin converts from a liquid to a gas and is released into the atmosphere.

36
Q

How can evaporation be used?

A
  • Breathable fabrics.
  • Adequate fluid intake.
37
Q

What are the advantages of evaporation?

A

Body’s greatest means of dispersing heat.
- Not temporary - athlete just has to maintain hydration.

38
Q

What is the disadvantage of evaporation?

A

Less effective in humid conditions due to vapour present in the air.

PDHPE (4 decks)

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