Sports Medicine Projected Content Flashcards
Why are females at higher risk of eating disorders?
- Often under pressure to fit the social forces of the female beauty and physique whilst still being a great athlete.
- Dozens of research studies confirmed most people view sports through a gendered lens e.g. 2017 study showed tennis is highly sexualised.
What happens when a female athlete contracts an eating disorder?
- Decreases energy and nutrient intake, adversely affecting performance, health and recovery.
- Can cause iron deficiency and low bone density.
- Affects menstruation and skeletal health.
How does pregnancy affect female athletes?
- Any benefits, such as increased haemoglobin, are used for the baby.
- Centre of gravity shifts making women more unstable, and increases intensity of sports due to weight gain.
- Increased flexibility due to greater relaxin hormone, but should not move beyond its ROM to avoid dislocation.
- Can cause iron deficiency and low bone density.
How does low bone density affect female athletes?
- More susceptible to structural weakening and fractures.
- Injuries due to low bone density take longer to heal.
- Affects participation as a result.
How does iron deficiency/anaemia affect female athletes?
- Can’t deliver enough oxygen to muscles due to worsened oxygen binding to haemoglobin.
- Causes faster fatigue - training and performance cannot be sustained for long durations.
- Affects participation.
What is taping?
Application of strapping or bandages to a joint area to protect, support or strengthen the joint during movement.
What are the main aims of taping?
- Decrease ROM of a joint.
- Prevent certain movements whilst not impeding others.
- Increase the joint’s proprioceptive awareness.
How does preventative taping work?
- Provides feedback to the athlete by pulling on the skin when the tape is stretched, providing a sensation, enticing the athlete to reduce their ROM.
- Also works as a placebo - makes athletes confident in their movements, making them biomechanical efficient, making them less likely to suffer injury.
What is prophylactic taping?
Mainly used for ligament sprains, limiting joint mobility to prevent further injury and to return to play sooner.
What is the disadvantage of prophylactic taping?
- Can only be kept on for a short time, and impedes ROM.
What is kinaesthetic/kinesio taping?
A blend of cotton and nylon - mimics the skin’s elasticity so you can use your full ROM.
What are the advantages of kinesio taping?
- Water-resistant and strong enough to stay on for days, when when taking showers.
- Can use full ROM.
What is the purpose of taping for isolation of injury?
Reducing pain during exercise and preventing further injury as the athlete is rehabbed and begins to return to play.
What are the goals of taping in the treatment/isolation of injury?
- Limit ROM.
- Provide proprioceptive feedback to stimulate muscles for stability.
- Increases joint stability.
- Shift anatomic parts such as patella into the correct position.
- Compress soft tissue to reduce inflammation.
What is bandaging for immediate treatment of injury part of?
RICER
What are the benefits of bandaging for immediate treatment of injury?
- Applies pressure to injured areas and helps force fluid away from the area, or restricts it coming in, reducing inflammatory response - helps prevent tissue damage from heightened response.
- Reduces bleeding.
- Reduces movement, limiting re-injury, and proving support to the injured area.
- Restricts movement, but not so much as to impede rehab.
How do heart conditions impact adult and aged athletes?
Places extra strain on the circulatory system.
What should adult and aged athletes with heart conditions do before undertaking sport?
- Get medical clearance.
- If condition is already known, may be asked to complete a stress test to check if it’s safe to participate in certain sports at certain intensities.
- Need to be prescreened.
How can adult and aged athletes with heart conditions participate in sport?
SEVERE STROKE SUFFERERS:
- Machines and equipment are available.
HYPERTENSION:
- Take blood thinners, reducing likelihood of stroke.
OTHER CONDITIONS WHERE SPORT IS NOT RECOMMENDED:
- Low-intensity sport such as Tai Chi.
GENERAL:
- Exercise with experienced people.
- Stop exercise in the event of unusual symptoms such as dizziness.
How can adult and aged athletes with flexibility and joint problems participate in sport?
- Gentle static stretching and careful dynamic stretching.
- Do sports that are easy on the joints such as swimming.
- Increase flexibility by slowly increasing ROM - start at low level.
What should adult and aged athletes with flexibility and joint problems avoid?
- Ballistic and PNF stretching.
What are the body’s 4 mechanisms for temperature regulation?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Evaporation
- Radiation
What is conduction?
Transfer of heat between 2 objects in contact with each other.
How can conduction be used?
- Warm body temperature when competing in cold environments and vice-versa through heat transfer.
What are the advantages of conduction?
- ## Instant effect.
What are the disadvantages of conduction?
- Temporary as object becomes hot/cold soon.
- Not effective in extreme temperature conditions as object can be affected severely and not work properly.
- Relies on an external factor to assist with regulation - therefore, when object is removed, regular condition returns.
What is convection?
Occurs when fluid, either air or water, passes over the skin and draws heat away from the body.
How can convection be used?
- Use hot/cold air flow to change body temperature.
- Wear loose clothing on hot days to increase air touching skin.
What are the advantages of convection?
- Do not have to clutch objects or focus much on using methods of temp reg.
- Easy.
What are the disadvantages of convection?
- Temporary - body temperature can rise/fall again once the air/water element has been removed and if appropriate attire isn’t used to assist the process.
What is radiation?
Heat coming from a source and travelling through space.
How can radiation be used?
- Loose and light-coloured clothing can be worn to reflect the Sun’s rays and prevent heat from getting trapped under the skin.
What is the advantage of radiation?
- Easy, and athlete may not have to do anything on cold days.
What are the disadvantages of radiation?
Most ineffective method of temperature regulation.
- Still slightly pierces the clothing and warms the body.
- Very hard to cool down.
What is evaporation?
Evaporation occurs when warm moisture on the skin converts from a liquid to a gas and is released into the atmosphere.
How can evaporation be used?
- Breathable fabrics.
- Adequate fluid intake.
What are the advantages of evaporation?
Body’s greatest means of dispersing heat.
- Not temporary - athlete just has to maintain hydration.
What is the disadvantage of evaporation?
Less effective in humid conditions due to vapour present in the air.
