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PDHPE > Core 1 Projected Content > Flashcards

Core 1 Projected Content Flashcards

1
Q

Do men or women have a longer life expectancy?

A

Women

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2
Q

How do CHD trends differ between men and women?

A
  • Leading cause of death for men (decreasing).
  • Second-leading for women (also decreasing).
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3
Q

How do Alzheimer’s and Dementia trends differ between men and women?

A
  • Leading cause of death for women.
  • Second for men.

Both are increasing.

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4
Q

How do trends in cerebrovascular disease differ between men and women?

A
  • 4th-leading cause of death for men.
  • 3rd for women.

Both decreasing.

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5
Q

What is cerebrovascular disease?

A

Group of conditions affecting blood flow and blood vessels in the brain.

e.g. stroke and aneurysm

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6
Q

How do lung cancer trends differ between men and women?

A
  • 3rd-leading cause of death for men (lower prevalence, steady incidence, slightly falling mortality).
  • 4th for women (increasing).
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7
Q

What are the 5th-leading causes of death for men and women?

A

Men = prostate
Women = breast

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8
Q

What is the difference between complementary and alternative healthcare approaches?

A

Complementary are non-Western approaches used alongside conventional approaches.

Alternative are used in place of them.

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9
Q

Provide an example of complementary and explain why it is used alongside conventional approaches.

A

Acupuncture (a form of complementary medicine in which fine needles are inserted in the skin at specific points along what are considered to be lines of energy (meridians).

Used alongside chemo to manage its symptoms to make it more bearable for patients.

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10
Q

Provide an example of an alternative approach and explain why it is used in place of conventional practice.

A

Herbalism.

Less costly, less invasive (fewer side-effects), safer, accepted by Eastern cultures, effective.

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11
Q

Why are complementary and alternative approaches growing in use?

A
  • Recognition by WHO.
  • More natural and holistic in nature.
  • Multiculturalism and acceptance of Eastern cultures.
  • Accredited in universities and registered with a governing body.
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12
Q

To what extent is access to healthcare facilities equitable for all Australians?

A

Moderate extent

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13
Q

Why is access to healthcare for all Aussies to a moderate extent?

A

Degree of access relies heavily on the sociocultural/economic and environmental determinants.

Horizontal equity (Medicare and PBS) - give examples - FINANCIAL AID.

Vertical equity (not all groups have access - rural/remote and ATSI).
- PBS co-payment for ATSI, and RFDS (GEOGRAPHICAL AID).

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14
Q

What are some examples of emerging new treatments and technologies?

A
  • Robotic surgery.
  • PET scans.
  • New drugs assisting in treating HIV.
  • AI.
  • Advances in prosthetics.
  • 3D printing.
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15
Q

What are the pros of emerging new treatments and technologies?

A
  • Increased chance and accuracy of early detection, allowing for early/better intervention to reduce mortality rates.
  • Greater efficiency and positive patient outcomes, increasing QoL for patient.
  • Usually less invasive.
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16
Q

What are the cons of emerging new treatments and technologies?

A
  • Increased cost, especially in early stages, to produce.
  • Inequitable access (costly for some people + scarce availability).
  • Contributes to the rise in healthcare costs.
  • Not established.
17
Q

Explain the roles and responsibilities of G, I and C in addressing ATSI health inequities.

A

INDIVIDUALS:
- Take control of their own health.
- Create supportive environments for others.

COMMUNITIES:
- Advocating to the government for specific health issues.
- Developing local initiatives and getting others involved.
- Heavily involved in many CTG campaigns.

GOVERNMENTS:
- Developing policies and funding initiatives.
- More doctors and medical support in ATSI communities.

18
Q

What are health inequities experienced by ATSI?

A
  • Largest gap in health outcomes in Australia.
  • Life expectancy is 10yrs lower than other Aussies (rising but gap is not decreasing).
  • Greater death rates in each group than other Aussies (this is improving).
19
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Collecting data and information to identify patterns and causes of illness and disease in population groups.

20
Q

What are the 4 measures of epidemiology?

A
  • Mortality.
  • Morbidity.
  • Infant mortality.
  • Life expectancy.
21
Q

What 3 things comprise morbidity?

A

Incidence, prevalence, indicators.

22
Q

What are the indicators of morbidity?

A
  • Hospital uses.
  • Doc visits and Medicare stats.
  • Health surveys and reports.
  • Disability and handicap.
23
Q

How does epidemiology improve health?

A
  • Identifies key health issues such as CVD.
  • Allocates resources to key areas and initiatives to address them e.g. Closing the Gap and NTS.
  • Measures the effectiveness of initiatives.
24
Q

What are the 2 main reasons of a growing and ageing population?

A
  • Lower birth rates.
  • Higher life expectancy.

Population expected to double by 2050.

25
Q

How does a growing and ageing population impact healthcare, carer and volunteer organisations?

A

Chronic disease and disability will become more prevalent, placing a higher burden.

This is partly due to increasing survival rates of diseases, increasing prevalence of people living with them.

26
Q

How do organisations benefit from healthy ageing?

A

The goal of healthy ageing is to allow the elderly to maintain their health into old age, increasing their independence and self-sufficiency. This will decrease their use of carers, and decrease visits to facilities such as GPs, and also increasing their economic contribution.

  • Nurse to patient ratio falls due to fewer hospital admissions.
  • Less strain on carer and volunteer organisations.
27
Q

What are the 5 OC action areas?

A
  • DPS.
  • CSE.
  • SCA.
  • RHS.
  • BHPP.
28
Q

What are the health issues associated with NTS?

A

Lung cancer and CVD.

29
Q

How does NTS use DPS?

A
  • K-10 PDH lessons.
  • Warnings on cigarette packaging.
30
Q

How does NTS use CSE?

A
  • Quitline and the I Can Quit website.
  • Smoking bans in indoor workplaces + creating designated smoking areas so other places remain smoke-free (also under BHPP).
31
Q

How does NTS use SCA?

A

The Tackling Indigenous Smoking (TIS) program aims to reduce smoking rates among First Nations Australians. Local organisations run activities designed to prevent the uptake of smoking, promote quitting, and solve emerging issues, such as the use of e-cigarettes by youth.

32
Q

How does NTS use RHS?

A
  • ## GP referrals to QUITLINE and other interventions targeting the high prevalence of smoking in low-SES communities.
33
Q

How does NTS use BHPP?

A

– Smoking bans in indoor workplaces + creating designated smoking areas so other places remain smoke-free (also under CSE).
- Plain packaging laws.
- Warning labels.

PDHPE (4 decks)

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