Sports Medicine Flashcards
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone at a joint
Diuretics
Drugs that increase the amount of fluid passing from the body
Fracture
A break in the bone
Hard tissue injury
Damage to the bone and teeth
Human growth hormone
Naturally occurring substance that increases the rate at which amino acid are transported to muscle cells
Immobilisation
Restricts movement in the injured area by using splints and bandages
Indirect injuries
Caused by intrinsic forces
Overuse injuries
Caused by overuse of specific body regions over extended period of time
Soft tissue injuries
Injuries to all tissue
Sprains
An injury from stretching or tearing a ligament
Steroids
Derivatives of testosterone and cause development of masculine characteristics
Strains
Occur when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn
Stress fractures
Small incomplete bone fractures caused by repeated pounding
Contusion
A bruise
Haemotoma
Blood Tumour
Inflammatory response
Soft tissue damage activates self healing process
Managing injury
R.I.C.E.R
rest, ice, compression, elevation, referral
Assessing injury
T.O.T.A.P.S
talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement, skill test
Subluxation
Bone pops out and quickly returns to place
Hyperthermia
Body heat loss far in excess of body heat gain
Osteoporosis
Deterioration in the bone structure and increases risk of bone fractures
Prophylactic taping
Aims at preventing an injury
Taping for isolation
After an injury and throughout rehabilitation process
Progressive mobilisation
Gradually extending range of movement
Conditioning
Adapting the body to a range of agility strength and power skills
Thermotherapy
Application of heat in various forms to the injury
Erythropoietin
Natural hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
Direct injuries
Caused by an external factor force applied to the body
Indirect injuries
Caused by agents within the body
E.g sprained ankle ligament
Overuse injuries
Caused by excessive use and strain on body part
E.g tennis elbow
Ligament
Attaches bone to bone
Tendon
Attaches bone to muscle
Tears
Occur when ligaments and tendons are stressed beyond normal range of movement
Skin abrasions
Occur when player falls and scarves there skin across rough ground or surface
Lacerations
Are much deeper injuries then skin abrasions and expose underlying skin tissue
Blisters
Occur as a result of the skin rubbing up on another surface
Callus
Forms in areas that undergo continual friction. Tough and inflexible skin surrounds the callus
Immediate treatment of skin injuries
Danger - to the patient or first aider
Bleeding- needs to be controlled immediately
Assessment- of skin injury will determine whether it’s a simple injury
Cleansing- of the skin injury using clean water, saline
Antiseptic- shld be applied to the skin
Dressings- can be adhesive, aren’t allowed to become damp
Referral - to the doctor if complex injury
Closed fracture
One which does not pierce the skin
Open fracture
Broken bone pierces the skin
Complicated fracture
Bone disturbs tissues and organs
Signs & symptoms of hard tissue injury
Pain & tenderness at the site of injury
Poor or decreased mobility or site of injury
Deformity or irregular alignment of limb
Swelling of the area
Quick on field assessment for a fracture
S - stops the athlete from participating
T - talk to the athlete and ask them questions
O - observe the injured site for any deformities/bruising
P- problem, if it be a fracture seek medical attention
Medical treatment is important when the following are present…
Severe bleeding Severe pain to touch Deformity of joints/limbs Loss of movement to joints or limbs Any suspected dislocation If in doubt, check it out
Medical conditions in children and young athletes
Asthma Diabetes Epilepsy Overuse injuries Thermoregulation Matching opponents Resistance training
Medical conditions for adults and aged athletes
Heath conditions
Bone density
Flexibility and joint mobility
