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Sports Medicine Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is Direct injuries?

A

Direct injuries are caused by external force applied to the body.

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2
Q

Examples of Direct injuries

A

Result in:

Haematomas

Joint and ligament damage

Dislocations and bone fractures

Sprains

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3
Q

How are sports injuries classified?

A

According to their cause

Direct, indirect, soft tissue, hard tissue and overuse injuries

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4
Q

Explain an example of a direct injury?

A

An example is a shoulder dislocation caused by a tackle in football

A broken bone caused as a result of a collision between hockey players

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5
Q

What is indirect injuries?

A

Indirect injuries are caused by an intrinsic force (within the body)

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6
Q

How do indirect injuries occur?

A

Occur as a result of inadequate warm-up, ballistic movements, excessive movement, or a fault in execution

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7
Q

How can excessive strain cause indirect injuries?

A

Result of excessive strain being placed on muscles, tendons and ligaments, causing irritation and possible damage to body

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8
Q

Examples of Indirect injuries

A

Sprinter tearing a hamstring muscle during a race

Volleyball player causing stress to ligaments in the knee joint

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9
Q

What are soft tissue injuries?

A

Damage to muscle, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin, blood vessels, organs and nerves

All tissue other than bone and teeth

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10
Q

What are the types of soft tissue injury?

A

Acute (occurring suddenly, such as a sprain)

Chronic (prolonged)

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11
Q

What are Acute soft tissue injuries?

A

Sprains

Strains

Dislocation

Subluxation

Torn cartilage

Contusions

Abrasions

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12
Q

What are prolonged soft tissue injuries?

A

Same types of injury but their severity necessitates a long rehabilitation.

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13
Q

Two of the most common soft tissue injuries are:

A

Tears and Contusions

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14
Q

Sporting example of a soft tissue injury

A

An ankle sprain occurring during activities like basketball or soccer

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15
Q

What are contusions?

A

Occurs when a direct force hits the soft tissue

Flat against the surface, caused by broken capillaries or small blood vessels.

Vary in intensity & can interrupt blood flow to surrounding tissue.

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16
Q

Sporting example of a contusion:

A

when a player is hit in the thigh during contact sports like football or rugby.

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17
Q

What are Haematomas?

A

A larger blood vessel damage, causing a pooling of blood outside the blood vessel.

Bulge or swelling

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18
Q

What are hard tissue injuries?

A

Cause damage to bones and teeth

More serious than soft tissue injuries

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19
Q

What are some examples of hard tissue injuries?

A

Dislodging a tooth and fracturing a bone

Most common hard tissue injury is a fracture

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20
Q

How does hard tissue injury occur?

A

Like soft tissue, bone can also be traumatised by physical activity.

However, because of its role as a structural support, hard tissue that has been injured must be carefully examined and correctly treated.

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21
Q

Sporting example of a hard tissue injury

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A

A broken arm sustained during a fall while playing basketball

A dislocated shoulder in a rugby match

22
Q

What are Overuse injuries?

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A

Result from intense or unreasonable use of joints or body areas.

  • Low-impact exercise (jogging/stepping)

Occurs when excessive & repetitive force is placed on the bones and other connective tissue of the body.

  • The result of change in training practices (increase frequency & intensity) & body unable to deal with new stressed
23
Q

What does Overuse injuries cause?

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A
  1. Little or no pain experienced in early stages
  2. Damage accumulates

3.Then can cause pain & inflammation around the side of the injury

24
Q

What are some examples of Overuse injuries?

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A

Anterior shin splints - irritation to the front portion of the shinbone

Tendonitis - irritation of the tends, eg: in the Achilles tendon in the heel

Stress fractures

25
What do Overuse injuries contribute to?
Stress fractures that are hard to detect in the early stages - Small incomplete bone fractures caused by repeated pounding, usually on hard surfaces - Local swelling & tenderness = stress fracture
26
How to approach a Stress fracture?
Treated using the RICER method but ultimately prolonged rest may be necessary for full recovery!
27
Other causes of Overuse injuries?
Poor equipment - poor technique - extra stress
28
Sporting example for Overuse injuries
Tennis elbow which is a tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow which is inflamed - Pain will be felt on the outside of the arm Jumper’s knee - occurs in running or jumping sports when an athlete falls or puts force on the knee in an awkward position. This results in inflammation to the tissue joining the kneecap to the shin bone.
29
What is a tear?
When a tissue is excessively stretched or severed. There are two types of tears: Sprains and Strains
30
What are Strains?
When a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn. - Pain & bleeding may cause discolouration around the injury - Movements will result in sharp pain - Normally from indirect causes
31
How many levels of strains are there and what are they?
Three levels: First degree (Little damage), Second degree (Moderate damage) , Third degree (Extensive damage)
32
Sporting examples of strains
eg. torn hamstring whilst sprinting
33
What is the Sprains defenition?
When a joint capsule & its surrounding ligaments are stretched beyond their natural range of motion resulting in torn ligaments. Connects bone to bone, providing joint stability through its rigid, strong, and relatively inelastic structure.
34
Key points of a Sprain:
Arise from the stretching or tearing of a ligament = pain, swelling, inability to perform normal joint movements - Classified according to the severity of ligament damage
35
What to do if you get a Sprain?
Rehabilitation management techniques = healing in the stretched position causes permanent instability in joint. Healing = slow process because ligaments have a poor blood supply
36
What are Skin abrasions?
Areas of scraped skin and often occur when we fall or are tackled on a hard surface = Pain and shallow bleeding = Embedded with dirt & foreign materials - Need to cleanse and sterilise to prevent infection
37
Examples of Skin abrasions
Netball player falling on the dry, hard surface
38
What is a laceration?
A wound where the flesh has incurred an irregular tear. - Need to prevent infection - Can occur to the scalp and mouth, Particularly the lips and tongue if the soft tissue has been forced against the teeth. - Pressure applied to prevent bleeding
39
How to treat a Laceration?
Needs to be cleansed with antiseptic soap, dried and a sterile gauze pad applied
40
Do all Lacerations need to be seen by a doctor?
No! Not all Lacerations. It has to be longer than one centimetre to be referred to a doctor.
41
How should a mouth laceration be approached?
Inspect for no further damage (e.g. dislodged teeth). Rinse with antiseptic. Suck ice to reduce bleeding and swelling.
42
What are blisters?
Caused by a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal (surface) layer of the skin giving rise to the intense pain. Contains clear liquid or even blood if a blood vessel has been ruptured
43
When do Blisters occur?
1. New equipment is being worn or used 2. Equipment is used for a long time, which may happen with clubs, bats, or racquets 3. Activity requires sudden changes of direction, causing friction in a sports shoe
44
How do I know when it's necessary to have the blister drained by a professional?
Rest for 24 hours, allowing symptoms to disappear If the fluid in the blister is still present and causing concern, it may need to be surgically released and a donut pad applied
45
How to take care of a blister?
Washed with soap, warm water & liquid antiseptic be applied Area should be dried & antibiotic ointment applied Use of 'second skin' dressing will aid the healing process
46
LIGAMENT SPRAIN FEATURES
1. Sharp localised joint pain during movement or pressure 2. Joint swelling and bruising 3. Restricted, unstable joint movement 4. Popping sound/sensation followed by immediate pain 5. Feeling of joint looseness
47
MUSCLE STRAIN FEATURES
1. Pain within muscle, sharp to dull ache 2. Swelling along the muscle 3. Limited muscle movement without joint stability 4. Initial pulling sensation, pain increases with use 5. Muscle weakness or inability to use it
48
Aim of treatment of skin injuries:
AIM = Prevent infection, reduce blood loss and tissue damage, and promote healing for faster recovery.
49
Immediate treatment of skin injuries steps:
1. Reduce danger of infection (wear gloves) 2. Control bleeding with rest, pressure, elevation (PER) 3. Assess severity of the wound 4. Clean wound - water, saline solution or diluted antiseptic 5. Apply antiseptic 6. Dress with sterile pad and bandage 7. If necessary, refer to medical attention
50

PDHPE (6 decks)

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