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Energy system! Flashcards

1
Q

What does Anaerobic mean?

A

Process that does not require oxygen

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2
Q

What does Aerobic mean?

A

Process that requires oxygen

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3
Q

What does Resynthesis mean?

A

Process of restoring ATP to its former state

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4
Q

What is ATP?

A

Molecule that provides body with energy

  • Total amount of ATP produced by an energy system
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5
Q

What is ATP rate?

A

Speed of ATP resynthesis by an energy system

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6
Q

What is Creatine Phosphate?

A

Fuel broken down via the ATP-PC system to resynthesize ATP

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7
Q

What is Energy?

A

The capacity or ability to do work

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8
Q

Why does bodies need energy?

A

It needs energy to:

  • Meet the needs of its systems and organs
  • For power muscle contraction for movement
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9
Q

Where is energy stored?

A

Energy is stored in the chemical bonds that join atoms and released when needed.

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10
Q

Role of energy systems?

A

The transformation of food to energy that the muscles can use

When food is digested, it breaks down to sugars, amino acids and fatty acids that become available as a form of energy

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11
Q

What do Carbs do for energy?

A

Carbs are broken down by the body into glucose which is then stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen.

Simple carbs (sugar) provide muscle glycogen but best sources come from complex carbs

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12
Q

What do fats do for energy?

A

Triglycerides are the digested form of fat for energy production which is stored in muscles and broken down when needed during exercise.

This is to produce glycerol and free fatty acids.
= Primary energy source when fat is sued for energy, stored in muscles and fat cells

FA - stored as adipose tissue or travel around body in blood, resynthesise ATP, used only at lower intensities over long periods

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13
Q

What do Proteins do for energy?

A

After digestion & absorption, protein breaks down into amino acids

  • Protein is not used to resynthesise ATP, used as a fuel source for ATP
  • Only used when stores of fat and carbs have been exhausted
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14
Q

What is the breakdown and Resynthesis of ATP?

A
  1. ATP is held together by high energy bonds
  2. End phosphate detaches, providing energy for muscular contraction and heat
  3. Then it becomes ADP
  4. CP becomes available to help in the process of resynthesis - kamikazi molecule
  5. CP breaks down releasing energy
  6. That energy drives the free phosphate back to join ATP
  7. ATP is reconstituted back to original form
  8. Terminal bonds between the end phosphate breaks down releasing energy and heat, process repeats
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15
Q

Fuel source of ATP-PC

A

Creatine Phosphate - most important fuel for maximum effort for short duration

  • Stored in muscles in small amounts
  • Does not require oxygen to break down
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16
Q

Efficiency of production of ATP-PC

A

Rapid, very limited

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17
Q

Duration ATP-PC

A

0-15 sec

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18
Q

By products ATP-PC

A

Heat

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19
Q

Cause of fatigue ATP-PC

A

Depletion of PC

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20
Q

Process and rate of recovery ATP-PC

A

High intensity 95%-100% max effort
PC replenishment:
- 50% 30 seconds
- 100% 2-5 minutes

21
Q

How is the ATP-PC applied to a sport?

A

AFL needs energy (explosive and short bursts of speed), chasing down, leaping for the ball, to make distance on a long kick

Netball needs energy for explosive and quick movements to intercept the ball and quickly move the ball down the court

22
Q

Why is the Lactic acid system considered limited?

A

Due to an accumulation of metabolic by-products

23
Q

How does the Lactic acid system work?

A
  1. Body breaks down glycogen in the absence of oxygen
  2. A by-product Pyruvic acid is produced and without oxygen it is converted to lactic acid
  3. The buildup of lactic acid increases the acidity of the muscles and there is an increase in hydrogens ions
  4. However, the lactate ion that is produced is fast fuel that can easily be used
24
Q

Due to there not being sufficient oxygen straight away in the lactic acid system, what then happens?

A

The body needs to find a different fuel because CP supplies are at a low level.

They use immediate sugar supplies in the blood as well as our sugar storage supplies in the muscle and liver.

When we accumulate too much, the bodys stores the excess in the liver and muscle

25
Cause of fatigue Lactic acid
Lactic acid levels build up within muscle cells Not caused directly by lactic acid but rather by its rate of removal, varied from one person to another
26
How does the Speed of Lactic acid effect the energy system?
Depends on exercise intensity The faster you work, the more rapidly lactic acid accumulates Excessively high levels of lactic acid prevent the muscle fibres from contracting and result in rapid deterioration in performance.
27
Duration of Lactic acid
Depends on exercise intensity 30 seconds - 3 minutes Less intense, the activity will last longer because it is producing lactic acid at a slower rate
28
By products of Lactic acid
Lactic acid
29
Efficiency of ATP production of Lactic acid
Fast, limited, requires large quantities of glucose
30
Process and rate of recovery of Lactic acid
Diffuses from the muscle and into the bloodstream where its use as a byproduct is important. In the liver, LA is reconverted to glycogen and can once again be used as a source of fuel. 30 minutes - 1 hour
31
How is the Lactic acid system applied to a sport?
For a 400m run It gives you the ability to sprint around a track An athlete with a better developed system would maintain a higher speed over this distance.
32
How does the aerobic energy system work?
Physical activity lasting over a few minutes requires oxygen for sustained muscle contraction. Oxygen is not immediately available when we begin, gradually becomes available as the oxygen rich blood fills the muscle cells - Allows the third energy pathway to become predominant supplier of ATP. Glucose and fat are broken down with oxygen to produce ATP. Lactic acid does not accumulate during aerobic metabolism because oxygen is present.
33
What happens with carbs during the aerobic energy system?
At rest and during the early stages of exercise
34
What happens with protein during the aerobic energy system?
Only used when the other two fuel sources are depleted
35
What happens with fats during the aerobic energy system?
When glucose stores are depleted we use fats (triglycerides →glycerol & free fatty acids) Energy release is very slow
36
Source of fuel aerobic system
Carbs, fats and even protein During early stages of endurance, carbs are the prefered fuel As exercise continues over an hour, fat becomes increasingly important as a fuel and reigns as the dominant energy source is glycogen supplies become exhausted
37
Efficiency of ATP aerobic system
SLOW Extremely efficient 39 moles from 180 grams of glycogen, enabling us to continue sustained work for longer periods of time
38
Duration of the system aerobic
2 mins to hours Sufficient for 12 hours of rest or one hour of hard work. For games like netball or football, glycogen supplies last for approx 4-6 hours
39
What is Glycogen sparing?
The body has unlimited supplies of fat and this is used as a fuel source as glycogen supplies are depleted. In well trained athletes, the body mixes carbs and fat in endurance events Resulting in some fat fuel being used earlier so that glycogen can be available at a later stage such as for a sprint finish
40
Cause of fatigue aerobic system
Depletion of glycogen levels and fat stores Overheating Occurs because fat requires more oxygen for metabolism than does carbs. This increase the runner's body temperature and rate of respiration.
41
By products aerobic system
Water and carbon dioxide CD is breathed out through respiration and the water is available to the cells
42
Intensity of aerobic system
Low to moderate levels of intensity
43
Process and rate of recovery of aerobic system
Depends on the duration of use If used for a short period of time, system quickly recovers because glycogen stores have no been depleted Up to 48 hours depending on level of depletion Intermittent exercise:5-24 hours 10-48 hours
44
How is the Aerobic system applied to a sport?
AFL lasts approximately 120 minutes Players must perform high speed efforts and continue running out a game if the team is to be successful A well-trained aerobic system helps the body recover faster, allowing more high-intensity efforts later in the match.
45
What is the predominant energy system?
The system that is being most utilised at that point in time.
46
Aerobic glycolysis
Process where cells convert glucose into lactate, even when oxygen is available for complete glucose oxidation.
47
Krebs chain
The last step of cellular respiration wherein glucose, with the help of oxygen from the lungs or bloodstream, is broken down into carbon dioxide and water
48
Electron transport chain
A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane - transfer electrons between donors and acceptors.

PDHPE (3 decks)

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