Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

rheumatology > sports medicine > Flashcards

sports medicine Flashcards

1
Q

spine tackler’s spine

what are the three anatomic features?

A

Anatomic features
Loss of cervical lordosis
Cervical stenosis
Arthritic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stinger symptoms? (4)

A

Stinging/burning or electric shock sensation
Arm numbness or weakness
Sensation of warmth
C-5 most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

c-spine fracture dislocation.

mechanism?

most common levels?

A

Mechanism
Axial load most common

Most common levels
C5-6 most common
C4-5, C6-7 next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lower Thoracic Spine Compression Fracture

mechanism?

A

Mechanism
Axial load
Fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lumbar Spine: Stress Fracture of Pars

which two symptoms?

A

Symptoms
Pain LB
Rare neuro sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which condition?

which two symptoms

A

ruptured lumbar disk

Symptoms
Pain down leg
Neuro sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 5 shoulder injuries?

A

Rotator cuff
Instability
Labral tears
AC separations
Clavicle fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are four elbow injuries?

A

OCD capitellum
Elbow dislocation
Biceps tendon rupture
UCL injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are four wrist/hand injuries?

A

Waist fracture
Scaphoid fracture
Metacarpal fracture
PIP dislocations
Jersey finger
Mallet finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rotator cuff: what does the empty can test teset?

A

Empty can test (supraspinatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rotator cuff: what does the external rotation tesst?

A

External rotation
Stress test
Lag sign
Pseudoparalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are two posterior shoulder instability injuries?

A

Posterior Bankart lesion

PHAGL lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tests used in physical exam of SLAP tear? (3)

A

O’Brien

speed

jobe

tests have high sensitivity; low specificifty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acromioclavicular joint separation.

which types are treated with surgery? which types are non-operative

A

type I-III = non operative

type IV-VI: tx w/surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

osteochondritis dissecans of capitellum.

note the loose body.

what is the etiology?

which age group affected most?

which gender?

A

Unclear
Articular forces during throwing
Compressive loads
Excessive axial loading (gymnasts, weight lifters)
Primarily 10-15 years of age
85% males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteochondritis dissecans of capitellum.

what are three symptoms of the condiiton?

what does the loose body lead to?

A

Dull, poorly localized elbow pain
Aggravated with use, relieved with rest
Loose body —->catching, locking of elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to do you tx OCD capitellum?

non operative?

operative?

A

Nonoperative
Activity limitation, RICE(rest, ice,compression, elevation)
Physical therapy

Operative

Arthroscopic excision of loose body
Arthroscopic abrasion chondroplasty/drilling
Fixation of loose body
Osteochondral grafts
Radial head excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

elbow dislocation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is a proximal bicpes tendon rupture serious? what does the muscle look like?

A

not serious; you get the pop eye muscle:

mostly cosmetic. the corachobrachialis and brachialis continue to support flexion so decreased range of motion loss; often after biceps tendonitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

distal bicepts tendon rupture. What is affected? what are the two funcitonal defecits?

A

functinonal defecits: elbow flexion and forearm rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

all the following describe which type of injury?

Pain, tenderness inner side of elbow, especially when throwing
Swelling and bruising at inner elbow
Inability throw at full speed, loss of control
Elbow stiffness
Numbness/tingling in ring and little fingers
Clumsiness/weakness of hand grip

A

ulnar collateral ligament injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the main component of the UCL?

A

anterior bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do you treat a UCL injury?

A

Tommy John procedure (ulnar collateral ligament is replaced by another ligament from the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the CC for a scaphoid structure?

A

wrist pain; will look normal on X-ray, but will present w/pain and swelling of wrist in anatomical snuffbox. you want to immoblize these patients and have them come back for xray in 1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
t/f. the scapohid is a dificult bone to heal; you want to immoblize pts for 8-12 weeks.
true
26
a fourth metacarpal fructure is also known as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
boxer's fracture
27
PIP joint dislocation. how would to tx this?
increase deformity and pop it back in.
28
a fourth metarcarpal fracture is also known as a \_\_\_\_\_\_
boxer's fracture
29
what results from evulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus insertion---\> inability to flex the DIP+ pain in the tendon
jersey finger ( felxor tendon injury)
30
the mallet finger is what type of injury?
extensor tendon injury
31
what are three hip/pelvis injuries?
avulsion fractures labral tears quadriceps/hamstring tears
32
what are 5 knee/leg injuries?
meniscal injury ligament injury patellar instability quadriceps/patellar tendon ruptures OCD
33
what are 4 foot/ankle injuries/
sprains 5th metatarsal fractures lisfranc injuries turf toe achilles tendon rupture
34
common sites for pelvic avulsion fractures. avulsion = injury in which body part is forcibly detached from its normal point of insertion
35
what causes pelvic avulsion fractures? who is at risk? presentation? what are the three most common sites?
Strong muscular contraction during sports activities Skeletally immature patients Pain and popping sensation at site of fracture Most common sites: ASIS, AIIS, IT(ischial tuberosity)
36
what are the surgical and non surgical tx for pelvic avulsion fractures?
Nonoperative: rest, activity limitation, rehab Operative: reattachment of tendon
37
what are three symptoms of a labral tear?
Symptoms Groin pain Clicking/snapping of hip Limited motion of hip joint
38
what are the three femoroacetabular impingment injuries?
Cam lesion (mass at neck of femur) pincer lesion ( osteophytic bud on os coxae adjacent to acetabulum) combined lesion (premature arthritis of hip)
39
what is the most common quadriceps/hamstring injury what would you give to rich ppl with injury?
superficial rectus platelet rich plasma
40
what are the 5 types of menical injuries
longitudinal; bucket handle; flap; transverse; torn horn
41
what are the three tx options for meniscal injury?
nonoperative repair remove
42
what are the four main kneee ligaments?
anterior cruciate posterior cruciate medial collateral lateral collateral
43
etiology of ACL inury what accounts for 70% of inury? what is another mech of inury? 80% of ACL injury are _____ related
Noncontact deceleration, jumping, or cutting action (70%) Other mechanism includes external forces applied to knee (MCL) 80% sports related
44
ACL injury. how to pts describe knee? what do they hear/feel? how to the patients present? do they get hemarthrosis?
Patients often describe knee being hyperextended 70% hear / feel pop Knee seems to pop out of joint and then reduce Fall to ground, walking difficult Knee swells within few hours - hemarthrosis
45
ACL injury: which gender is more prone to ACL injury? what are some extrinsic causes of ACL injury? intrinsic(4) ?
Female gender 2-4 X increased incidence in basketball, soccer, rugby, and volleyball Extrinsic causes – body movement, muscle strength Intrinsic causes – joint laxity, hormonal influences, limb alignment, notch dimensions, ligament size
46
know: what is the most sensitive test for ACL injury? how do you perform it? what is the pivot shift?
* *_Lachman test most sensitive (95%): _** 1. Increased excursion relative to opposite knee 2. Lack of firm end point 3. basically hoold femur still and anteriorly accelerate tibia. **_Pivot shift_** Relaxed patient Intact MCL Reproduces pathologic motion
47
what is the most accurate test for an ACL injury? how should this test be perfomed in order to catch the entire ACL in one frame? what does it identify? which bone bruises are classic for this injury?
**MRI 95%-100% accurate** **Non-orthogonal plane** – knee external rotated 15° Usually catches entire ACL in one frame Identify associated meniscal/chondral injuries, collateral ligaments **Bone bruises – LFC(lateral femoral condyle) (mid 1/3), LTP(posteolateral part of tibial plateau) (post 1/3)**
48
how do you tx ACL injuries? waht does this depend on?
Nonoperative: low demand pts w/less laxity operative: higher demand, active pts (reduces incidences of chonral and meniscal injury)
49
Is a PCL injury more or less common than an ACL inury? what is the mechanism of a PCL injury? what is a sign of PCL injury? how do you tx PCL?
**Much less common than ACL injury** **Mechanism: ** Direct blow to the tibia (dashboard injury) Fall on flexed knee Hyperextension **sign:** Posterior sag * *_Treatment_** * *Nonoperative:** PRICE(protection, rest, ice, compression,elevation) immobilization, rehab * *Operative:** arthroscopic reconstruction
50
is MCL or LCL injured more often? what are LCL injuries associated with? what is the mechanism of injury?
* *MCL injured more often than LCL** * *LCL usually associated with other injuries** * *Mech**: Direct (MCL) or outwards (LCL) * *Mech:** Noncontact: pivoting, awkward landing, sliding into base
51
how do you tx MCL injuries?
Treatment – usually non-operative unless associated with other ligament injuries
52
multi-ligament knee dislocations: High velocity: what causes? low velocity: cause? ultra-low velocity: cause?
**High-velocity: **MVA, Falls \> 5 feet **Low-velocity: **Sports, Falls \< 5 feet **Ultra-low velocity: **ADL, obese **Multiple ligament repair/reconstruction procedures**
53
which nerve is most prone to damage in knee dislocation? wihch artery? what happens if there is an 8 hour delay in revascularization?
**Peroneal nerve injury** in ~26% (1%-40%); half result in **permanent neurologic deficit** **Popliteal artery injury in ~24%** 86% amputation rate for revascularization \> **8 hours**
54
timing of knee dislocation surgery?
Immediate (within 10-14 days) (try to get tissues b4 they reorganize; anatomy more easily recognized) if you chose delayed surgehry, you will need to reconstruct ligaments
55
patellar instabilty what is it? what does it present with? how do you tx?
Patellar dislocation Patellar apprehension sign **tx: ****Nonoperative treatment** ``` **Operative treatment Fulkerson osteotomy(patella stabilization) MPFL(medial patellofemoral) reconstruction** ```
56
57
most common ages for quadriceps/patellar tendon injury
20s - achilles tendon 30s - patella tendon 40s - quad tendon tear
58
what are three causes of osteochondral injuries of the knee? what are 5 symptoms of osteochondral injuries of the knee?
cause: vascular, traumatic, genetic symptoms: pain, joint popping/locking, joint weakness, decreased ROM, swelling and tenderness
59
what are three tx option sfor osteochondritis dessicans of the knee?
microfracture, fixation of fragment, and OATS(transfer plug of bone to injured site)
60
ankle sprains: what is the most common injury? what type of injury is known as a high ankle sprain?
``` Lateral ligament (inversion) injury most common --\> most heal with rest and immobilization Syndesmosis (high ankle) sprain--\> long time to heal; may need surgery ```
61
what are the nonoperative tx of ankle strains? operative?
**_Nonperative treatment_** Boot, corset, physical therapy **_Operative treatment_** Lateral ligament reconstruction Fixation of syndesmosis
62
what are the three 5th metatarsal fractures?
Jones fracture - at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal juction(hard to tx--\> often fixed with screw) pseudo -Jones fracture - roll ankle/invert foot --\>evulsion type fracture where peroneus brevis attaches stress fracture
63
what are lisfranc injuries?
mid-foot injuries located at the tarsal-metarsal joints. mid-fooot injuries due to axial load. very subtle changes at base of foot.
64
describe mech of turf toe?
hyperdorsiflex big toe and tear plantar plate. this injury takes player out for several weeks
65
what is described below? Pop or snap, followed by sharp pain Swelling near heel Inability to stand on toes Inability to push off with injured leg Peak age 30-40 years
achilles tendon tear
66
what is the thompson test used for?
to dx diagnose achilles tendon tear: 1. squeeze gastroc and if foot plantarflexes --\> achilles tendon intact; if nothing happens --\> achilles tendon tearted
67
how do you tx achilles tendon tear?
open repair percutaneous repair

rheumatology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions