Sports med quiz - life threatening injuries Flashcards
What is a heart attack?
When blood supply is blocked to the heart
What are signs and symptoms of a heart attack?
Chest pain, cold sweat, fatigue, nausea, heartburn
How could you treat a heart attack?
Call 911, EMS
Chew or swallow asprin
Begin CPR if unconscious
What is a stroke?
When blood supply is blocked to the brain
What are some signs and symptoms of a stroke?
F - Facial droopiness
A - Arm weakness
S - Speech difficulties
T -Time
How to treat a stroke?
Rest and reassure
Whats is Hyperglycemia?
When the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood rises too high
What are some signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia?
- Increased thirst/dry mouth
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Weight loss
How to treat hyperglycemia?
- Fluid replacement
- Electrolyte replacement
- Insulin therapy
What’s an anaphylaxis reaction?
When blood pressure drops suddenly and airways close up
What are some signs and symptoms of an anaphylaxis reaction?
- Lightheaded/faint
- Breathing difficulties
- Wheezing
- Fast heartbeat
- Rashes
- Red face
How to treat an anaphylaxis reaction?
- Use epi-pen
- Caffeine
- Anti-histamine
- Rest and reassure
What is shock?
When vital organs aren’t getting enough oxygen and blood
What are some signs and symptoms of shock?
C- Cold skin
U - Unconsious
P - Pale
I - Increase pulse/Breathe
T - Thirsty
How to treat shock?
W - Warmth
A - Airway
R - Rest and reassure
T - Treat cause
S - Semi sitting
What’s a seizure?
A sudden uncontrolled burst of electric activity in the brain
What are some signs and symptoms of a seizure?
- A staring spell
- Jerking movements
How to treat a seizure?
- Protect head
- Move dangers away from person
- AEDs
What is hypothermia?
When body loses heat faster then it can produce heat, causing dangerously low body temperature.
What are some signs and symptoms of Hypothermia?
- Shivering
- Exhaustion/Fatigure
- Confusion
- Memory loss
- Slurred speach
- Drowsiness
How to treat hypothermia
- Remove wet clothing
- use warm blankets
- Warm drinks
What is frost nip?
Mild irritation of the skin
Signs and symptoms of frostnip
- Cold skin
- Discoloration
- Numbness
- ## Prickly feeling
How to treat frost nip?
Slowly warm skin until sensation returns
Whats is superficial frost bite?
It affects the top layers of skin and tissue.
Signs and symptoms of superficial frostbite
- Red skin
- Blisters
- Swelling
- Itching
How to treat superficial frostbite?
- Nonprescription pain reliever
- Aloe vera gel or lotion
- Slowly warm skin
What is deep frostbite?
Deep frostbite effects all layers of the skin and tissue that lies below
Signs and symptoms of deep frostbite
- Tissue dies and turns black and hard
- Joints muscles may stop working
How to treat deep frostbite?
You will have to get a surgical amputation
Whats dehydration?
Body loses more fluid than you take in
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
-Dizziness light-headedness.
-Headache.
-Tiredness.
- Dry mouth, lips, eyes
How to treat dehydration
- Rehydrate ASAP
What’s heat exhaustion?
Excessive loss of water and salt
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
-Headache
-Nausea
-Dizziness
-Weakness
How to treat heat exhaustion
Rest in a cool place
Drink cool fluids
Try cooling measures
Loosen clothing
What’s heat stroke?
The body can no longer control its temperature the body’s temperature rises rapidly and the body is unable to cool down
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
Loss of consciousness, hot, dry skin or profuse sweating, seizures.
How to treat heat stroke
- Immerse you in cold water
- Use evaporation cooling techniques
- Pack you with ice and cooling blankets
- Give you medications to stop your shivering
Whats a compound fracture
When bone pokes through the skin and can be seen
Signs and symptoms of compound fracture
- Severe, sharp pain
-Tenderness to touch
-Swelling
-Bruising
-Bleeding
How to treat a compound fracture
Surgery to realign your bones and then a cast to keep them immobilized.
