SPORTS MED Flashcards
1
Q
ways to classify injuries
A
- direct and indirect
- soft and hard
- overuse
2
Q
soft tissue
A
- tears, sprains and contusions
- skin abrasions, lacerations and bruises
- inflammatory response
3
Q
- tears, strains and contusions
A
tear (tissue fibres are stretched or torn)
sprains (ligament, RICER)
strain (muscle or tendon, RICER)
contusion (internal bleeding, RICER)
4
Q
- skin abrasion, laceration and blisters
A
skin abrasion (minor wound)
laceration (open wound)
blister (friction)
5
Q
- inflammatory response
A
protects injured tissue
removes dead cells
enables tissue regrowth
6
Q
hard tissue
A
- fractures
- dislocation
7
Q
- fractures
A
simple or compound
DRSABCD
8
Q
- dislocations
A
displacement of bone
immobilise
9
Q
assessment of injury
A
- totaps (talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement, skills test)
10
Q
children and young athletes
A
- medical conditions
- thermoregulation
- appropriate to resistance training
- overuse
11
Q
- medical conditions
A
asthma (exercise should not be limited but with precaution and adequate water)
epilepsy (avoid individual activities)
diabetes (caution)
12
Q
- thermoregulation
A
children can’t evaporatively cool like adults
13
Q
- appropriate to resistance training
A
prevent injury
14
Q
- overuse
A
stress fractures
15
Q
adult and aged
A
- heart conditions
- joint mobility and flexibility
- fractures and bone density
16
Q
- heart conditions
A
keep up exercise with medical clearance
aerobic exercise (low intensity to slowly increase)
tailored to the athlete
17
Q
- fractures and bone density
A
avoid inactivity
e.g. endurance activities, low impact etc.
18
Q
- flexibility and joint mobility
A
consider low impact sports
start earlier
19
Q
female athletes
A
- bone density
- eating disorders
- pregnancy
- iron deficiency
20
Q
- bone density
A
deteriorates after mid 30s
21
Q
- eating disorders
A
anorexia
bulimia
prevention - focus on personal development, observe behaviours, invite coaches to observe behaviour
22
Q
- iron deficiency
A
aids in oxygen transportation
supplements are only benefcial to those lacking in iron
23
Q
- pregnancy
A
lower intensity exercise
24
Q
physical preparation
A
- prescreening
- skill and technique
- physical fitness
- warm up and cool down
25
- prescreening
assess health status of a person
tailoring of program
26
- skill and technique
improved performance
prevents injury
27
- physical fitness
enhances wellbeing of athletes
before comp
lack of development is a major factor injury
28
- warm up and cool down
warm up (injury prevention)
stretching (4-5 times a week)
cool down (period after a comp)
29
sports policy and environment
- rules of sports and activities
- modified rules for children
- matching of opponents
- use of protective equipment
- safe grounds, facilities and equipment
30
- rules of sport and activities
assists in flow of play
enforced by referees
31
- modified rules for children
accomodate for the needs of children
lower backboard
32
- matching of opponents
reduces risk of injury
matches abilities
33
- use of protective equipment
ensures the athlete’s safety
more expensive equipment is more tested
34
- safe grounds, equipment and facilities
responsibility of organising group
e.g. clearing of playing surface
35
environmental considerations
- climatic conditions
- temperature regulation
- guidelines for fluid intake
- acclimatisation
36
- climatic conditions
temperature (not too hot or cold)
humidity (impacts dissipation of heat)
wind (heat loss)
rain (temp control)
altitude (impacts performance)
pollution (safety hazard)
37
- temperature regulation
radiation (loss of heat via infrared rays)
evaporation (sweating)
convection (heat away from the skin)
conduction (transfer from body to object)
38
- guidelines for fluid intake
can affect performance
20% is limit
39
- acclimatisation
5-7 for heat and humidity
2-3 weeks for cold and altitude
40
taping and bandaging
- preventative taping
- taping for isolation of injury
- bandaging for immediate treatment of injury
41
- preventative taping
application of adhesive/non-adhesive bandages to support or strengthen a joint
preventative/prophylactic measure
principles: stabilised, anchors, maintain even pressure, completely cover skin around area
42
- taping for isolation of injury
after an injury is sustained and during rehab too
used until injured area accustoms to demands of full activity
used so athletes can participate in body conditioning
43
- bandaging for immediate treatment of injury
RICER
exact bandaging will vary between location but aims to limit motion by securing to another body part (e.g. sprained thumb to be strapped to wrist)
44
rehabilitation procedures
- progressive mobilisation
- graduated exercise (stretching, conditioning, total body fitness)
- training
- use of heat and cold
(refers to the process of restoring the athlete to pre-injury level)
45
- progressive mobilisation
after RICER, movement should be restored
gradually extending range of movement that the injured body part can be manipulated through
continues until full range of motion is reached
46
- graduated exercise
stretching - ensures healing without scarring (scarring shortens the muscle and makes it more prone to further injury) --> PNF is best
conditioning - implies a build-up in fitness
- rehab should be personalised and specific to the athlete
total body fitness - regain preinjury levels of mental and physical fitness
adaptations: muscle hypertrophy, increased joint mobility, absence of all pain, increased elasticity of fibres etc.
47
- training
after total body fitness is achieved
participate in the full training porgram
(e. g. warm-up, conditioning, drills, skill development exercises, tactics and cool-down)
- focus on warming up the injured part more
48
- use of heat and cold
cold - up to 4 days after/ any time to reduce inflammation (e.g. ice massage)
hot - not until 2-3 days after
- decreases stiffness, increases elasticity and blood flow
(e. g. moist heat packs, contrast bath, ultrasound therapy)
49
return to play
- indicators of readiness for return to play
- monitoring progress
- psychological readiness
- specific warm-up procedures
- return to play policies and procedures
- ethical considerations
50
- indicators of readiness for return to play
elasticity
strength
mobility
pain free
balance
51
- monitoring progress
compare pre-test prior to injury with post-test
establish losses in fitness components
tests need to include sport specific movement patterns
52
- psychological readiness
important to prevent recurrence of injruy
pressure (can cause re-injury)
53
- specific warm-up procedures
ensure they are fully warmed up
| - may need to be specific to the injured area
54
- return to play policies and procedures
decision varies between sports and level of athlete
protocol may involve consultation, discussion etc.
55
- ethical considerations
pressure to participate - team, coaches, financial
use of painkillers
- enables matches to occur
- mask pain (cause further injury)
- affects elite athletes more
