sports injuries

Question 1

use of hyperbaric chambers

Answer 1

• provide oxygen at high pressures = 100%
• 2x greater 02
• as pressure increases the amount of 02 inspired increases
• haemoglobin becomes fully saturated within RBC
• any excess o2 i dissolved in the plasma component
• high pressures and concentration allows 02 to reach places where 02 normally doesnt go
• formation of new RBCs + faster cell turnover
• enhancing growth and repair of tissues

Question 2

which injuries does hyperbaric chambers treat

Answer 2

soft tissue = muscular
tendons and ligament damage
tissue infection
compromised immune systems = overtraining

Question 3

who would hypoxic tents

Answer 3

• endurance athletes
• team sports before competition
• helps maintain fitness levels during injury

Question 4

the use of hypoxic tents

Answer 4

• mimic oxygen levels at altitude
• regulate the amount of oxygen available to the injured player
• with low oxygen levels body responds by increasing its production of RBCs = allows fitness to be maintained
• preserve the fitness rather than cure the injury

Question 5

Explain how the use of an ice bath can help to reduce the ‘delayed onset of muscle soreness’ (DOMS).

Answer 5

A. (Involves sitting in ice cold water for) between 5 – 20minutes
B. Causes blood vessels to tighten/decreases metabolic activity/vasoconstriction
C. Restricting blood flow to the area
D. Reduces swelling/tissue breakdown/aids muscle repair
E. After leaving the ice bath, area is flooded with new blood/vasodilation
F. Fresh oxygen removes lactic acid (when out of the ice bath)
G. Some studies suggest ice baths of limited value

Question 6

How can a performer reduce the effects of delayed onset of muscle soreness
DOMS)? (3 marks)

Answer 6

A. Active warm-up/Active warm-down/cool down/stretching
B. Avoid eccentric contractions early in session
C. Gradually increase intensity of workload
D. Massage
E. Ice baths

limit the amount of eccentric contractions in early training sessions.

Question 7

How may hyperbaric chambers aid injury rehabilitation? (3 marks)

Answer 7

A. Reduces pressure at injured area/reduces swelling
B. (Chamber) delivers oxygen at high pressure
C. Approximately 2.5 more times than normal/100% pure oxygen
D. Haemoglobin/red blood cells fully saturated with oxygen
E. Excess oxygen dissolved in plasma
F. Oxygen reaches parts of body that not normally saturated
G. Increased white blood cell activity at injury site
H. Increased blood supply/formation of new blood cells

Question 8

What does ice baths treat

Answer 8

both tissue swelling and soreness that occurs following hard exercises = speed the recovery process
DOMS

Question 9

Process of ice baths

Answer 9

• immersion in cold water allows an even and controlled constriction of blood vassals surrounding the muscles
• squeezing and draining blood and waste products
• once you get out immediate blood rush, which flushes fresh oxygenated blood carrying nutrients and cures soft tissue injuries.

Question 10

DOMS - what?

Answer 10

the term referred to explaining the feelings of muscle stiffness and tenderness often experienced a day after or 48 hrs exercise

Question 11

DOMS - How does it occour

Answer 11

performing a eccentric muscle contraction,

the result of microscopic tears to the muscle fibres and surrounding connective tissues along with associated swelling

Question 12

what is an eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 12

lengthening of muscles whilst contracting

e.g quad when landing during the hop phase of triple jump