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Pharm 129 > Sports Injuries > Flashcards

Sports Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa (a fluid filled sac that cushions the muscle/tendon from the joint)

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2
Q

Symptoms of bursitis

A

Pain during movement
Swelling and redness
Can be acute or chronic

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3
Q

What causes bursitis

A 
Prolonged pressure (e.g, resting on elbows, kneeling) 
repetitive use
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4
Q

Where does bursitis occur

A

Joints (shoulder, knee)

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5
Q

What injury is most likely to occur for people who are studying for exams?

A

bursitis (sore elbows)

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6
Q

What is tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon, which connects the muscle to a bone or joint

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7
Q

What are symptoms of tendinitis

A

Pain, swelling

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8
Q

What causes tendinitis

A

Mainly repetitive use or overuse, improper training technique

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9
Q

Where does tendinitis occur

A

Near joints (shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle)

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10
Q

How does tendinitis of the ankle occur

A

poorly fitted footwear

overuse (a lot of walking)

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11
Q

What tendon is affected in tendinitis of the ankle

A

achilles tendon

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12
Q

What causes tendinitis in the elbow

A 
carrying things
repeated movements (eg. at factory job)
tennis elbow (can be caused by sports)
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13
Q

What is a strain

A

Tear in muscle/tendon (minor tear to full rupture)

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14
Q

What is the impact of a strain

A

disrupts movement

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15
Q

What causes strains

A

Can be over-exertion, over-stretching, repetitive movement, or trauma

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16
Q

Where do strains occur

A

Common in back, shoulder, hamstrings (i.e., a ”torn” or “pulled” muscle)

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17
Q

Symptoms of strains

A

Pain, swelling

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18
Q

What are sprains

A

Tear in ligament (partial or full rupture)

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19
Q

What is the impact of a sprain

A

disrupts stability

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20
Q

How do sprains occur

A

Mainly trauma, from twisting, falling leading to the ligament being stretched or twisted too much

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21
Q

Where do sprains occur

A

Common in ankles, knees, wrists, fingers

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of sprains

A

Pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising

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23
Q

What are stress fractures

A

Small fractures (micro breaks) in the bone resulting from repetitive strain

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24
Q

What is another name for tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

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25
Q

What is the impact of a stress fracture

A

Pain during exercise

26
Q

What causes stress fractures

A

Repetitive force (e.g., basketball, long distance running)

27
Q

Where do stress fractures occur

A

lower limbs

28
Q

What are the symptoms of stress fractures

A

Starts and stops (shows up during activity)

May have swelling

29
Q

What is plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of plantar fascia (periosteum of bottom of foot)

30
Q

What is the impact of plantar fasciitis

A

Pain while walking

31
Q

What causes plantar fasciitis

A

long walks, poorly fitted footwear

32
Q

Where does plantar fasciitis occur

A

Bottom of the foot

33
Q

What is the symptom of plantar fasciitis

A

Pain

34
Q

What is a shin splint

A

AKA Medial tibial stress syndrome

Inflammation of the muscles and connective tissues of the lower leg around the tibia (shin)

35
Q

What is the impact of shin splints

A

Pain while walking, running

36
Q

What causes shin splints

A

Change in exercise (more running, running up hills, etc)

high impact exercise that overloads the tibia, like running, dancing, gymnastics

37
Q

Where do shin splints occur

A

Lower legs (tibia)

38
Q

What are symptoms of shin splints

A

Shin pain, during and after exercise

39
Q

How to prevent sport injuries

A
  • Train
  • Stretch
  • Warm-up
  • Cool-down
39
Q

How to prevent sport injuries

A
  • Train
  • Stretch
  • Warm-up
  • Cool-down
40
Q

What are red flags for ER referral

A 
• Joint injuries with
– Severe pain
– Obvious fracture
– Joint deformity
– Inability to bear weight on injured limb
41
Q

How do you know if a child has a sports injury

A

Kids will not have pain (adults will) but have lack of mobility
Use the amsterdam wrist rule:
- cant do supination or pronation
- pressing radius = painful

42
Q

When do you use RICE

A

<48 hours of injury

43
Q

What is the R in RICE

A

REST at least 24h

44
Q

what is the I in RICE

A

ICE
10-30 minutes q3-6h x 48h
– 10 min for bony areas (hand, wrist, elbow)
– 20-30 min for fatty areas (hip)
CAUTION: in patients with circulatory diseases (Raynauds, diabetes)

45
Q

what is C in RICE

A

COMPRESS if swelling using an elastic bandage for 24 hr

46
Q

what is E in RICE

A

ELEVATE above heart level to drain fluid and reduce swelling

47
Q

What can RICE be used for

A

bursitis, sprains, strains, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, tendinitis

(everything except stress fractures)

48
Q

What should you do for stress fractures (instead of RICE)

A

rest the area and train using low impact activity such as swimming, cycling

49
Q

What do you after 48 hours of a sports injury

A

Use heat for 2-14 days
20-30 min q2-4h prn
always wrap bottles and pads in a towel to avoid burns
AVOID: unconscious patients, impaired skin sensitivity, poor circulation, open wounds

50
Q

What is done after 14 days of sports injury

A

refer (should be resolved after 14 days)

follow up to assess pain, swelling, movement

51
Q

What oral analgesics can be used for sports injuries

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDs

52
Q

What topical analgesic is used for sports injuries

A

diclofenac

Caution: Do not use more than 4 times daily and do not use under heating pads

53
Q

What injection is used for sports injuries

A

corticosteroids (tendinitis)

54
Q

What vapocoolants can be used

A

mainly distract from injury

ethyl chloride, Spray and Stretch (pentafluoropropane 95%/tetrafluroethane 5%)

55
Q

What vapocoolants can be used

A

mainly distract from injury

ethyl chloride, Spray and Stretch (pentafluoropropane 95%/tetrafluroethane 5%)

56
Q

What are topical counter-irritants and do they work?

A

tiger balm, Rub A535

do not work, can be used for muscle massage

57
Q

How to assess musculoskeletal injuries

A

use medSask

58
Q
  1. Patient factors to assess (MedSask)

- if present refer

A
  • age <12 years
  • pregnancy
  • CVD (or risk factors)
  • GID (or risk factors)
  • Renal impairment
  • asthma
  • bleeding disorder or use antiplatelet or anticoagulant
59
Q
  1. Assess for red flag symptoms (MedSask)

- if present, refer

A
  • visible joint changes, abnormal movement, mobility limitations
  • pelvic/abdominal pain
  • systemic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, fever)
  • pain >2 weeks or >7 days with treatment
  • severe pain (>7 on 10 point scale)
  • significant trauma (fall, car accident)
60
Q
  1. Are symptoms typical of acute musculoskeletal pain? (medSask)
    - if not, refer
A
  • pain (mild to moderate)
  • swelling and/or bruising
  • symptoms due to overexertion or muscle/ligament injury
61
Q
  1. Treatment (medSask)
A
  • RICE/heat
  • OTC analgesics x 7 days
  • Rx NSAIDS x 7 days

Pharm 129 (14 decks)

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