sports confidence + self-efficacy Flashcards
sports confidence
the belief or general disposition that an individual has about their ability to be successful in sport
self efficacy
the belief or self confidence that an individual has about their ability to be successful in a specific situation
high sports confidence
low sports confidence
overconfidence
leads to complacency (put in less effort), can lead to underperforming
participation: high SC
= more likely to participate
- Feel less inhibited
- Enjoy team activities
- Volunteer for roles
- Show approach behaviours
- Try new activities
- Less afraid of failure
participation: low SC
= less likely to participate or compete in sport
- Less likely to try hard + attempt activities
- Unlikely to volunteer for roles
- May never realise their talent in sport
- Lowers self esteem
self esteem
the feeling of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel
high sc + self esteem
high self esteem = helps performance as sport demands high levels of drive to succeed
low sc + self esteem
low self esteem = feel they are not good or valuable enough to contribute to team/ individual sports performance
performance: high SC
increases performance:
- More likely to be motivated to achieve
- Make firm decisions
- Take risks
- Be competitive
- Skilful
- Results in positive outcomes
e.g. if confident, more likely to have a faster time in 100m sprint rather than someone who isn’t as confident
e.g. or try new tactics in a set play = take risks
vealey’s model of self confidence components
- sporting context
- SC-trait
- competitive orientation
- SC-state
- Behavioural response
- subjective perceptions of outcome
vealey’s model - sporting context
- objective situation or the current sporting situation you are in
e.g. dribbling in basketball, passing in netball
vealey’s model - SC-trait
- every sports person has a general/ overall level of self belief in sport, innate + enduring/ stable component of confidence
- Amount of confidence can be increased by regularly performing to a high standard
e.g. high or low levels of SC-trait = high levels of confidence in basketball/ netball, accurately performing skills
vealey’s model - competitive orientation
- high level of motivation to outperform others
- everyone has an existing level of competitiveness/ willingness to take on set (performance/ product) goals
High = mastery orientation
Low = learned helplessness
e.g. enjoy highly competitive situations - trying to score past the GK, beat others in a race = high competitive orientation
e.g. low orientation = not competition, don’t want the ball/ don’t want to shoot
vealey’s model - SC-state
- confidence that can be shown in a specific situation in sport or level of self efficacy during competition
SC-state = SC-trait + competitive orientation - high SC-trait + low CO = lower SC-state, than high high + high
- high SC-trait + high CO = high SC-state = more confident performer in a specific sport situation + likely to perform better OR vice versa..
e.g. more likely to score in a penalty (football) = really WANT to score/ beat the GK, believe they are able to/ CAN ACHIEVE, if they DOUBT (less confidence) themselves while walking to penalty sport (low SC-state) = more likely to miss
vealey’s model - behavioural model
- response to the situation + what skill level?
e.g. penalty scored or not?
vealey’s model - subjective perceptions of outcome
- how someone interprets their performance in sport, the emotion felt towards the behavioural response
- positive feelings = increase in SC-trait + CO
- negative feelings = decrease in SC-trait + CO
- Previous outcomes will influence future SC-state/ outcome (positively or negatively)
e.g. satisfaction if penalty is scored
e.g. disappointment/ feeling guilty for the rest of the team if penalty is not scored
Bandura’s theory of self efficacy
- Stated that self-confidence can often be specific to a particular situation = self efficacy —> influences performance/ behaviour
- Vary from one situation to another = affect the performance
- If expect to have high self-efficacy in a particular situation = more likely to choose that activity/ low self-efficacy = avoid
4 factors influencing bandura - self efficacy expectations
- performance accomplishments (e.g. past experiences)
- vicarious experiences (e.g. modelling by others)
- verbal/ social persuasion (e.g. coaching + evaluative feedback)
- emotional/ physiological arousal
e.g. Under-aroused = attentional field is too wide, not focusing, taking in too many cues
e.g. Over-aroused = attentional field is too small, taking in too little cues (hyper-vigilance)
performance accomplishments - bandura self efficacy
- factor affecting self efficacy
- Strongest influence on SC
- Reminded of previous success of a skill = increases confidence/ improves performance
- Previous successful performances are attributed to internal/ controllable attributions = also increase confidence
vicarious experience - bandura self efficacy
- By watching other athletes with a similar ability level perform well in the same situation = athlete will develop their own self-efficacy
verbal/ social persuasion - bandura self efficacy
- Encouragement, positive extrinsic feedback or reinforcement can raise confidence/ improve performance
- Especially if given by a significant others (coach, team captain, family, friend)
emotional/ physiological arousal - bandura self efficacy
- Understanding the signs of increased arousal
- knowing that an increase in arousal will not lead to failure + can be controlled
- e.g. through relaxation or mental rehearsal = increase confidence
- (AROUSAL THEORIES)
