sports confidence + self-efficacy

Question 1

sports confidence

Answer 1

the belief or general disposition that an individual has about their ability to be successful in sport

Question 2

self efficacy

Answer 2

the belief or self confidence that an individual has about their ability to be successful in a specific situation

Question 3

high sports confidence

Question 4

low sports confidence

Question 5

overconfidence

Answer 5

leads to complacency (put in less effort), can lead to underperforming

Question 6

participation: high SC

Answer 6

= more likely to participate
- Feel less inhibited
- Enjoy team activities
- Volunteer for roles
- Show approach behaviours
- Try new activities
- Less afraid of failure

Question 7

participation: low SC

Answer 7

= less likely to participate or compete in sport
- Less likely to try hard + attempt activities
- Unlikely to volunteer for roles
- May never realise their talent in sport
- Lowers self esteem

Question 8

self esteem

Answer 8

the feeling of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel

Question 9

high sc + self esteem

Answer 9

high self esteem = helps performance as sport demands high levels of drive to succeed

Question 10

low sc + self esteem

Answer 10

low self esteem = feel they are not good or valuable enough to contribute to team/ individual sports performance

Question 11

performance: high SC

Answer 11

increases performance:
- More likely to be motivated to achieve
- Make firm decisions
- Take risks
- Be competitive
- Skilful
- Results in positive outcomes

e.g. if confident, more likely to have a faster time in 100m sprint rather than someone who isn’t as confident
e.g. or try new tactics in a set play = take risks

Question 12

vealey’s model of self confidence components

Answer 12

• sporting context
• SC-trait
• competitive orientation
• SC-state
• Behavioural response
• subjective perceptions of outcome

Question 13

vealey’s model - sporting context

Answer 13

• objective situation or the current sporting situation you are in
  e.g. dribbling in basketball, passing in netball

Question 14

vealey’s model - SC-trait

Answer 14

• every sports person has a general/ overall level of self belief in sport, innate + enduring/ stable component of confidence
• Amount of confidence can be increased by regularly performing to a high standard

e.g. high or low levels of SC-trait = high levels of confidence in basketball/ netball, accurately performing skills

Question 15

vealey’s model - competitive orientation

Answer 15

• high level of motivation to outperform others
• everyone has an existing level of competitiveness/ willingness to take on set (performance/ product) goals

High = mastery orientation
Low = learned helplessness

e.g. enjoy highly competitive situations - trying to score past the GK, beat others in a race = high competitive orientation
e.g. low orientation = not competition, don’t want the ball/ don’t want to shoot

Question 16

vealey’s model - SC-state

Answer 16

• confidence that can be shown in a specific situation in sport or level of self efficacy during competition
  SC-state = SC-trait + competitive orientation
• high SC-trait + low CO = lower SC-state, than high high + high
• high SC-trait + high CO = high SC-state = more confident performer in a specific sport situation + likely to perform better OR vice versa..

e.g. more likely to score in a penalty (football) = really WANT to score/ beat the GK, believe they are able to/ CAN ACHIEVE, if they DOUBT (less confidence) themselves while walking to penalty sport (low SC-state) = more likely to miss

Question 17

vealey’s model - behavioural model

Answer 17

• response to the situation + what skill level?
  e.g. penalty scored or not?

Question 18

vealey’s model - subjective perceptions of outcome

Answer 18

• how someone interprets their performance in sport, the emotion felt towards the behavioural response
• positive feelings = increase in SC-trait + CO
• negative feelings = decrease in SC-trait + CO
• Previous outcomes will influence future SC-state/ outcome (positively or negatively)

e.g. satisfaction if penalty is scored
e.g. disappointment/ feeling guilty for the rest of the team if penalty is not scored

Question 19

Bandura’s theory of self efficacy

Answer 19

• Stated that self-confidence can often be specific to a particular situation = self efficacy —> influences performance/ behaviour
• Vary from one situation to another = affect the performance
• If expect to have high self-efficacy in a particular situation = more likely to choose that activity/ low self-efficacy = avoid

Question 20

4 factors influencing bandura - self efficacy expectations

Answer 20

1. performance accomplishments (e.g. past experiences)
2. vicarious experiences (e.g. modelling by others)
3. verbal/ social persuasion (e.g. coaching + evaluative feedback)
4. emotional/ physiological arousal
   e.g. Under-aroused = attentional field is too wide, not focusing, taking in too many cues
   e.g. Over-aroused = attentional field is too small, taking in too little cues (hyper-vigilance)

Question 21

performance accomplishments - bandura self efficacy

Answer 21

• factor affecting self efficacy
• Strongest influence on SC
• Reminded of previous success of a skill = increases confidence/ improves performance
• Previous successful performances are attributed to internal/ controllable attributions = also increase confidence

Question 22

vicarious experience - bandura self efficacy

Answer 22

• By watching other athletes with a similar ability level perform well in the same situation = athlete will develop their own self-efficacy

Question 23

verbal/ social persuasion - bandura self efficacy

Answer 23

• Encouragement, positive extrinsic feedback or reinforcement can raise confidence/ improve performance
• Especially if given by a significant others (coach, team captain, family, friend)

Question 24

emotional/ physiological arousal - bandura self efficacy

Answer 24

• Understanding the signs of increased arousal
• knowing that an increase in arousal will not lead to failure + can be controlled
• e.g. through relaxation or mental rehearsal = increase confidence
• (AROUSAL THEORIES)