Attitudes

Question 1

Attitudes definition

Answer 1

• Attitudes are predispositions to act in a particular way towards something or someone (‘attitude object’) in a person’s environment
• Attitudes are learned rather than being innate
  = fairly enduring + unstable
  = can be changed and controlled

Question 2

Factors affecting attitude formation

Answer 2

• role models = parents, social/peer groups (copy and emulate what they’re doing), sports stars
• Past experiences = positive + negative
• Social norms = gender, culture, religious behaviour/beliefs
• Education = influence our beliefs
• Media = reinforce positive + negative stereotypes

Question 3

Positive attitude formation

Answer 3

• believe in the benefits of exercise
• enjoyable experiences in sport
• being good at a particular sport
• using sport as a stress release
• the influence of others where participation is the norm

Question 4

Negative attitude formation

Answer 4

• not believing in the benefits of exercise e.g. running too much is bad for your knees
• bad last experience e.g. injury
• lack of ability
• fear of taking part in sport
• suffering stress when taking part
• the influence of others when non-participation is the norm

Question 5

triadic model

Answer 5

CAB:

C - cognitive = our beliefs are formed from what we have learned/ know from others + out past experiences)

A - affective = our emotions, how we feel about it (based on past experiences) if we like it or not

B - behavioural, how we act or respond towards something

e.g. fitness training:
C - believe it will keep you fit + enhance body image
A - enjoy it + have fun with others you train with
B - go to sessions 2x a week

e.g. swimming
C - believe they’ll drown if i get in the water
A - fear of water
B - you don’t want to go swimming

Question 6

change attitude

Answer 6

• cognitive dissonance
• persuasive

e.g. swimming:
- giving them arm bands + float
- ask them to just get into the shallow end + water up to ankle
- give them toys etc..
= make them feel safe + gives them joy/ fun
= want to go to swimming now

Question 7

cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

create conflict/ disharmony
= imbalance of the triadic model

Question 8

persuasive communication

Answer 8

• an active, non-coercive attempt to reinforce, modify or change the attitude of others

effective:
- persuader is a significant other to the receiver
= coach, team manager, role model etc..)
- message is accurate, clear + concise
- occurs in a positive environment e.g. if you enjoy basketball, maybe persuading you on a basketball court
- the receiver needs to be willing/ wants to change