Sports And Society Flashcards
Define sportsmanship
Conforming to the written and unwritten rules of the sport. Shows respect to other players
Define Gamesmanship
The use of dubious although not technically illegal methods to win or gain an advantage e.g time wasting
What are some sporting examples of sportsmanship ?
-Shaking hands after game - gracious winner/loser
- Taking accountability
- Stopping game when a player is injured
- Respecting officials
- Derek Redmond, 1992 Olympus suffered hamstring injury, limped his way to finish line
Give some sporting examples for gamesmanship
- Football faking injury and diving
- Time wasting
- Sledging
-Psychological tactics - Michael Jordan notorious for trash talking
What is the Contract to Compete ?
Unwritten code governing how to strive for fair play within the rules and that performers are expected to try their best to demonstrate sportsmanship
Define deviance
Behaviour which goes against the Norms and values of a society / community . Seriously breaking the rules
What is relative deviance ?
- Deviant behaviour which is not accepted in the wider society by may be deemed to be acceptable by those involved in a sub culture
- Relative to time and place
E.g. trash talking , over celebrating
What is absolute deviance ?
Seriously breaking the rules
E.g. violence, discrimination, cheating
What is Coakleys sporting ethics ?
Cluster of Norms that many people in power and performance sports have accepted and reaffirmed as the dominant criteria on what it means to be an athlete
1) making sacrifices for the game
2) striving for distinction
3) Accepting risk and playing through pain
4) Refusing to accept limits
Describe Coakleys Ethic of ‘Making sacrifices’
Unwavering commitment and living up to expectations
Not made out of money but love for the game
E.g. passing on plans to play
Describe Coakleys ethic of ‘Striving for Distinction’
Constantly seeking improvement and perfection (feedback, practicing themselves)
Winning symbolises improvement
Describe Coakleys ethic of ‘accepting risks and playing through injury’
Athletes don’t give into pressure, pain or fear
Don’t back down from challenge
Playing on when injured and there are no subs
Describe Coakleys ethic of ‘ Refusing to accept limits ‘
An athlete does not accept a situation without trying to change it or beating the odds
Trails etc
What is positive deviance (over conformity ) ?
Moving away from the norm without an intention to do harm or break the rules
Someone who trains so hard they injury themselves or plays when injured
Actions are within the rules and attempt to win. Seen in a positive light
What is negative deviance (under conformity )?
Behave in a way that knowingly breaks the rules or ethics of the sport
- using drugs
- bribery
- player violence
These players are more likely to show deviant behaviour
Why has FairPlay declined in some areas of sport ?
- Influence of social media, focusing on the ‘win at all costs’ players know they will get scrutinised
- Pressure of sponsors and fame resorts to cheating and unethical behaviour
- Increase in professionalism - people have to make a living out of it and need to be the best they can be
- Sports is a business
What are the strategies to promote FairPlay?
Officials = increase in technology use
Disciplinary action = red cards, bans, fines
FairPlay awards
Respect for Officials = only captains can query
Implementing Governing Bodies
Where is violence is sport most likely ?
Between players
Between spectators
What are some causes to violence in sport ?
Trash talking (Sledging )
Making mistakes
Losing
Team rivalry
Emotional intensity ( hyped up on media )
Crows behaviour
What happened in the Hillsborough distaster?
96 Liverpool fans died
Main reason was due to failure of police control
Recommended that all major stadiums convert to an all seater model and all spectators should have seats
Why are diuretics used and what are the effects?
Increases amount of water secreted in urine (lose weight)
STE= cramp, dehydration, dizziness
LTE= joint conditions
Why is blood doping used and what are the effects?
Increases RBC in body improving endurance
STE= infection
LTE = Blood clots, stroke, heart attack
Sport = Cyclists
Why are stimulants used and what are the effects ?
Speed up CNS, increase alertness suppressing fatigue and pain
STE= perspiration, shaking, low appetite
LTE= Rapid HR, High blood pressure
Why are beta blockers used and what are the effects ?
Reduce adrenaline= reduce stress anxiety and nerves
STE= dizziness fatigu
LTE= reduce blood flow
