Sports and Medicine

Question 1

Sports Participation Should be Aimed At….

Answer 1

Developmental Level (so they can enjoy)

Question 2

Suggest a developmentally appropriate sport for: 3-5 (early childhood), 6-9 (middle), 10-12 (late childhood), 13-15 (early adolesc.), 16-18 (late)

Answer 2

early kids: running, throwing, tricycle
middle: entry level soccer, swim, gym
late childhood: entry level bball, football
early teen: track + field, hockey
late teen: all sports

Question 3

What is the typical mechanism for a sprain

Answer 3

plantar flexed foot inverted

Question 4

List the ottawa ankle rules

Answer 4

Ankle XR

1. Lateral malleolus tip tender
2. Medial malleolus tip tender
3. Can’t wt bear immediately & in ED

Foot XR

1. Base of 5th metatarsal tender
2. Tender at navicular bone
3. Can’t wt bear immediately & in ED

Question 5

Sprain Management Mnemonic

Answer 5

PRICE=

1. PROTECT- functional bracing, early mobilization
2. REST
3. ICE- ice pack x 15 min. 1-3X/day in first 36hr injury
4. COMPRESSION
5. ELEVATION
   * NSAID help reduce pain + inflammation

Question 6

What is the key to reducing risk of ankle injury recurrence.

Answer 6

Rehabilitation

ROM, strengthening muscles, flexibility, balance, bracing

Question 7

Exercise + Infection.. Association

Answer 7

Depends

• moderate level activity= enhanced immune
• elite athletes= may be higher risk of infection

Question 8

How do you know if you should still exercise if sick?

Answer 8

NECK CHECK

1. URTI = do it
2. Systemic= don’t
3. If risk to team= don’t till feel recovered

Question 9

Rule with Athletes and infectious Mono (EBV)

Answer 9

1. No exercise x 3 wk
2. Once symp, BW, splenomegaly gone= light activity and up
3. If contact sport- no contact x 4 week total since dx

Question 10

Most common cause of low back pain in youth

Answer 10

Structural (i.e. spondylolysis)

Question 11

RF of back pain in athletes

Answer 11

Muscle imbalance
Inflexibility
Structural diff
Improper Training

Question 12

Back pain red flag

Answer 12

Fever
Night Pain
Neuro abN
Wt loss
Malaise

Question 13

General Back Pain in Athletes Tx

Answer 13

1. PT
2. Rest
3. w/ or w/out brace (depending on cause- i.e. for Spondylolysis, Posterior Element overuse)
4. +/- Sx for Vertebral avulsion #

Question 14

Name 2 example of Extension Back Pain vs. Flexion Back pain

Answer 14

Extension
= Spondylolysis (stress # on pars interarticularis i.e. in dance, skating, gym), Posterior Element Overuse

Flexion
= Vertebral Avulsion # (i.e. ball, gymnastics), Disc Herniation

Question 15

Differential of youth back pain

Answer 15

1. Structural
2. Inflammation
3. Infection
4. Tumours
5. Visceral pathology

Question 16

Ratio for Nutrition for young athletes

Answer 16

2/3= Carb
1/3= Protein
1/3= Fat

• • ensure good fluids, Ca, Vit D, iron

Question 17

Fluid for young athletes

Answer 17

• 500 mL H2O 2-3h pre event
• Water q 15-20 min
• Replace sweat post

Think sports drink + carb if > 1 hr activity and hot.