Injury Prevention Flashcards
Leading cause of death in kids 1-19 y.o.?
Unintentional injuries
T or F: We need comprehensive and structured child death review in each region with linkable database?
True
T or F: Systematic child death review may lead to better recognition trend like RF or systemic issue
True
What are the objectives of child and youth death review?
- accurate and consistent reporting of cause + manner of death
- improved communication btwn agencies
- improved agency response when investigating deaths
- improved agency response in protecting siblings
- improved criminal investigation of homicide
- better deliver of services to kids + family
- ID specific barriers + issues in death of kids
- ID significant RF and trend in child death
- ID and advocate for needed changes in legislation and expand prevention efforts
- increase public awareness + advocacy
What is the purpose of the child death review?
comprehensive review of child death
to better understand how and why they die
avoid HCP fault-finding
share information
What is the Haddon Matrix
injuries are result of harmful interaction btw
host + dx vector + environment
What factors impact injuries?
Gender (M)
Aboriginal
Rural
SES
What are the E’s of injury prevention?
Education: public awareness of best practice
Enforcement: rules, policy
Engineering: safer products, roads etc.
How can we reduce injury burden in Canada?
- Pan-Canada strategy
- Support injury prevention body
- Educate Public
- Enforce rules
- Engineer safer products
- Sustain and advance current surveillance
- Sustain and advance current research
What are all terrain vehicles?
4 wheel
motorized vehicle w/ large low pressure tires
T or F: there are diff minimum operating age for ATV across Canada?
True
T or F: as per CPS kids < 16 y.o. should operate ATV
False
- should not if < 16
What are CPS recommendations for 16 y.o. kids w/ ATV?
- helmet, eye protection, protective clothing, footwear at ALL times
- no passengers; single rider
- no driving if alcohol or other impairing substance
- complete approved training course pre-driving
What legislation changes should we make re: ATV?
- training course, license + registration
- min. driver 16 y.o.
- helmet mandatory
- restrict passengers
T or F: playground injuries are more common in the winter?
False
- more common in summer
What is the most common playground injury?
Fall
List Strategies to reduce playground injuries.
- Reduce max fall ht
- Reduce risk of falling from equipment (i.e. barriers, vertical bar to discourage climbing etc.)
- Improve protective surface under play (loose fill i.e.)
- Active supervision always
FB ingestion peak is what age?
9-11 month age
List choking and suffocation hazards in the home?
- Small objects (i.e. round smooth < 1.5 inch, button, bottle caps, disc batteries)
- Cords (i.e. pull cords > 8 inch)
- Suffocation - crib budding, plastic bag
- Entrapment- poor air supply or heavy lid like chests, freezers etc.
List foods that should be avoided and those needed special prep to avoid choking w/ infant + toddlers.
AVOID: hard candy, gummy, peanut, sunflower seeds, fish w/ bones
CUT: grapes, hot dogs, sausage, + grate carrot or apples
CPS recommendation re: preventing choking and suffocation.
- CPR for all families
- educate parent
- product design
- legislation (stnd play equipment)
- research: new hazard and effective tx
Provide basic advice for preventing choking and suffocation for: (A) newborn to 2 mo (B) 4-6 mo (C)6-12 mo (D) 1-4 (preschool)
(A) newborn to 2 mo
- crib must meet govnmt standards
- avoid soft bedding, bumper pad or soft toy
- sleep on back
- avoid toys with string or cord > 8 inch (20 cm)
- fasten harness strap properly in car and others
(B) 4-6 mo.
- be on constant lookout for hazard
- remove suspending crib toy or mobile
- crib away from blind or cords
- cut, tie blind and curtain cords
(C) 6-12 mo
- supervise mealtime
- check floor, furniture, cough for hazards
- avoid clothing w/ drawstrings
- keep pet food off the floor
- tie plastic bags in a knot
(D) Preschool
- avoid magnetic toy, no latex balloon, large beads only for stringing, ensure toy box safe, remove cycle helmet in parks
Risk Factors for ski + snowboarding injuries:
- age (young)
- sex (M)
- skill (beginners)
- equipment (poor; improve with better eqpmt)
- poor facility
List some protective factors for ski + snowboarding
- older
- F
- getting formal instruction
- advanced skill
- better equipment + fit
- wearing protective equipment (i.e. helmet, goggle)
- good facility (mandatory helmet, slope condition)
- following the alpine responsibility code
T or F: helmets reduce risk of cervical spine injuries in ski or snowboarding?
False.
- do however reduce risk of head injury
Describe the Alpine Responsibility Code.
code in snow sports program to reduce injury
- beginners must take lessons
- never ski or snowboard alone
- maintain and check equipment
- exercise and stretch w/ activity
- stay on marked trails
- follow responsibility code
- be alert to environmental hazards
- wear proper gear
- go on hill as per your skill level
- quit before too tired
List the top 3 infant/child car seat errors:
- Seat not tightly secured to car
- Harness not snug
- Chest clip not at armpit level
When do you switch car seats?
1= rear facing
2= forward facing
- min. 1 year + 10 kg (22 lb) + able to walk
3= Booster seat
- min. 40 lb (18 kg)
4= Seatbelt
- min. 80 lb (36 kg) + min. 8 y.o.+ 4 ft 9 inch (145 cm)
What do you want to avoid in prem and small infants?
- shields
- abdo pads
- arm rests
Where should child be seated in the car (front, rear)?
rear until 13 y.o.
Exception: compact extended pick up front row safer than second but REAR facing seat should never be installed in the front.
T or F: a rear facing seat can be placed in the front of the car?
False
T or F: It’s okay to place infant to sleep in car seat
False
- always supine in crib
How do you know the correct booster seat positioning?
- shoulder part should not touch neck
- should be able to bend knees over edge of seat when sitting upright
What winter sport associated with highest rate of serious injury?
Snowmobiling
T or F: CPS does not recommend rec use of snowmobiles by kids < 16 y.o.
True
T or F: CPS recommend graduated licensing program for snowmobilers 16 y.o. and older
True
Protective recommendations for 16 y.o. snowmobilers:
- graduated licensing
- new licenses only restricted to daylight hours
- safe speeds only
- protective clothing (goggles, suit)
- always helmet
- bright colour flags
- carry first aid kid, emergency kit, survival kit etc.
- travel in groups of two + on marked trails away from roads
- do not carry > 1 passenger
- no alcohol or drugs
- maintain and upkeep snowmobile
T or F: swimming programs for < 4 y.o. effective drowning prevention strategy.
FALSE
- < 4 y.o. do not have developmental ability to master water survival skill and swim independently
List some CPS recommendation for swimming lessons for infants + toddler
- swim instruction via trained instructors
- residential pools fenced x 4 sides
- constant supervision
- personal floatation device used for all young + those who can’t swim
- parents + poor owners get CPR training
T or F: helmets reduce risk of head injuries while cycling.
True
T or F: there is EBM that legislation has negative effects like reducing bicycling missing.
False
What can we do to reduce head injuries with bicycles?
- Helmets for all: legislate + enforce for all ages
- MD counsel on wearing helmet
- raise awareness + social marketing
- other strategies for safety too (i.e. bicycle lanes, pathways for commuting)
- sales tax exemption for purchasing helmet
- future research on unintended effects of legislation
