sport science exam revision Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system? (4)
- mineral storage site
- production of blood cells
- support and protection of bones
- body movement
What are the types of bones with examples?
- flat (cranium)
- long (femur)
- short (carpals, tarsals)
- sesamoid (patella)
- irregular (vertebrae)
How many vertebrae are they in the spine and what are the names?
33 in total
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
saccrum (5 fused)
coccyx (4 fused)
What does fused mean?
It means there are no discs or gaps and the vertebrae are squished together
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
tendons - muscle to bone
ligaments - bone to bone
What is flexion?
angle between 2 bones is DECREASED
What is extension?
angle between 2 bones is INCREASED
What is adduction?
movement of a body part TOWARD the midline of the body
What is abduction?
movement of a body part AWAY the midline of the body
What is circumduction?
movement of a limb in a circular way
What is pronation?
face palm DOWNwards
What is supination?
face palm UPwards
What is plantarflexion?
angle pointing toes DOWN
What is dorsiflexion?
angle pointing toes UP
What is reciprocal inhibition?
paired movement in muscles
What are the functions of the muscular system? (4)
- helps circulation of blood
- enables us to move our body parts
- protect skeletal system
- body heat
What are the types of muscles? AND EXAMPLES
- skeletal muscles (striated) (pectoralis major)
- smooth/involuntary muscles (esophagus)
- cardiac muscles (striated) (heart)
What is concentric movement?
muscle shortens
What is eccentric movement?
muscle lengthens
Example of isotonic movement and what is it?
muscle length changes during contraption (squats)
Example of isometric movement and what is it?
muscle length remains unchanged (plank)
Example of isokinetic movement and what is it?
changes according to joint angle (cross-country, swimming)
What are the 2 types of muscle fibres?
slow twitch and fast twitch
What are some aspects of slow twitch muscle fibres?
- endurance based
- don’t fatigue easily
What are some aspects of fast twitch muscle fibres?
- high intensity/poweful
- fatigue quicker
What are the 4 types of movement?
Linear, angular, general, projectile