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EXAMS SEM 1 📚 > sport science exam revision > Flashcards

sport science exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (4)

A
  • mineral storage site
  • production of blood cells
  • support and protection of bones
  • body movement
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2
Q

What are the types of bones with examples?

A
  • flat (cranium)
  • long (femur)
  • short (carpals, tarsals)
  • sesamoid (patella)
  • irregular (vertebrae)
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3
Q

How many vertebrae are they in the spine and what are the names?

A

33 in total
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
saccrum (5 fused)
coccyx (4 fused)

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4
Q

What does fused mean?

A

It means there are no discs or gaps and the vertebrae are squished together

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5
Q

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

A

tendons - muscle to bone
ligaments - bone to bone

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6
Q

What is flexion?

A

angle between 2 bones is DECREASED

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7
Q

What is extension?

A

angle between 2 bones is INCREASED

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8
Q

What is adduction?

A

movement of a body part TOWARD the midline of the body

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9
Q

What is abduction?

A

movement of a body part AWAY the midline of the body

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10
Q

What is circumduction?

A

movement of a limb in a circular way

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11
Q

What is pronation?

A

face palm DOWNwards

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12
Q

What is supination?

A

face palm UPwards

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13
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

angle pointing toes DOWN

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14
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

angle pointing toes UP

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15
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

paired movement in muscles

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16
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system? (4)

A
  • helps circulation of blood
  • enables us to move our body parts
  • protect skeletal system
  • body heat
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17
Q

What are the types of muscles? AND EXAMPLES

A
  • skeletal muscles (striated) (pectoralis major)
  • smooth/involuntary muscles (esophagus)
  • cardiac muscles (striated) (heart)
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18
Q

What is concentric movement?

A

muscle shortens

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19
Q

What is eccentric movement?

A

muscle lengthens

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20
Q

Example of isotonic movement and what is it?

A

muscle length changes during contraption (squats)

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21
Q

Example of isometric movement and what is it?

A

muscle length remains unchanged (plank)

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22
Q

Example of isokinetic movement and what is it?

A

changes according to joint angle (cross-country, swimming)

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle fibres?

A

slow twitch and fast twitch

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24
Q

What are some aspects of slow twitch muscle fibres?

A
  • endurance based
  • don’t fatigue easily
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25
Q

What are some aspects of fast twitch muscle fibres?

A
  • high intensity/poweful
  • fatigue quicker
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26
Q

What are the 4 types of movement?

A

Linear, angular, general, projectile

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27
Q

What is linear motion?

A

movement in a straight line

28
Q

What is angular motion?

A

movement around an axis

29
Q

What is general motion?

A

combination of linear and angular (straight and axis)

30
Q

What is projectile motion?

A

flight or motion in the air

31
Q

How many types of levers are there?

A

3

32
Q

What does a first-class lever look like and an example?

A

FORCE-AXIS-RESISTANCE (FAR)
eg. rowing oar (force=hands, axis=oar bolt, resitance=water)

33
Q

What does a second-class lever look like and an example?

A

AXIS-RESITANCE-FORCE (ARF)
eg. bottle opener

34
Q

What does a third-class lever look like and an example?

A

AXIS-FORCE-RESISTANCE (AFR)
eg. bicep curl (axis=elbow joint, force=forearm, resistance=weight)

35
Q

What are the 3 energy systems?

A

ATP-PC
anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic glycolysis

36
Q

When does ATP-PC come in during activity?

A

0-10secs of activity (5 secs phase out)

37
Q

When does anaerobic glycolysis come in during activity?

A

15-90 secs

38
Q

When does aerobic glycolysis come in during activity?

A

90 secs+

39
Q

What are some aspects of ATP-PC?

A
  • no oxygen
  • explosive
    work:rest = 1:5
40
Q

What are some aspects of anaerobic glycolysis?

A
  • no oxygen
  • somewhat explosive
  • work:rest = 1:3
41
Q

What are some aspects of aerobic glycolysis?

A
  • oxygen required
  • endurance>power
  • work:rest = 1:1
42
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

object with remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force

43
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

force applied = acceleration in same direction and speed

44
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

45
Q

What is Gaseous Exchange in the lungs? (5)

A
  • O2 breathed in
  • O2 diffuses from the alveoli into capillaries
  • CO2 diffuses from the capillaries into alveoli
  • haemaglobin carries O2 through the body
  • CO2 breathed out
46
Q

What is Gaseous Exchange in the muscles? (4)

A
  • haemoglobin delivers O2 to muscle site
  • O2 diffuses into the muscle from the blood stream
  • CO2 diffuses into the blood stream from the muscles
  • haemoglobin carries C02 back to the lungs
47
Q

Where do gases want to go?

A

to the place with the least pressure

48
Q

What is diffusion?

A

diffusion is the movement of gases from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

49
Q

2 types of diffusion

A

pulmonary & exchange of gases at the muscle cell site.

50
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • pump oxygen and blood around the body
  • clears waste
  • hydration
  • regulate body temp
  • fighting infection
51
Q

Functions of the cardiac system?

A
  • circulate blood
  • bring O2, water & nutrients to cells
  • take CO2 and other wastes away from cells
  • maintain body temp and hydration (red blood cells)
  • fights diseases (white blood cells)
52
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter? (blue)

A

from the body it enters the right atrium of the heart through the superior/inferior vena cava.

53
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood return? (red)

A

returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium.

54
Q

What is the function of blood vessels?

A

they transport blood throughout the entire body.

55
Q

3 major types of blood vessels?

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

56
Q

What is the role of the arteries?

A

carry blood away from the heart

57
Q

What is the role of capillaries?

A

allow the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between the blood and the tissues.

58
Q

What is the role of veins?

A

carry blood back to the heart

59
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood pumped by each heart beat of the heart. SV increases the fitter people are

60
Q

What are the 2 dif types of blood pressure?

A

systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure

61
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

it is the highest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts

62
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

it is the lowest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes.

63
Q

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Support for your head

64
Q

What is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Connect ribs to spine

65
Q

What is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

support heavy weights

66
Q

What is the function of the sacrum vertebrae?

A

supports pelvis

67
Q

What is the function of the coccyx vertebrae?

A

insertion site for many muscles

EXAMS SEM 1 📚 (4 decks)

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