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Exams Sem 1 > healthy wealthy wise exam revision > Flashcards

healthy wealthy wise exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

Health and wellbeing definition (WHO)

A

The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

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2
Q

What is physical health and wellbeing? (definition)

A

Physical health and wellbeing relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.

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3
Q

Physical health and wellbeing (characteristics) (5)

A
  • as regular physical activity
  • consuming a balanced diet
  • having appropriate rest or sleep
  • maintaining an ideal body weight
  • the absence of illness, disease or injury
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4
Q

What is social health and wellbeing? (definition)

A

Social health and wellbeing relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.

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5
Q

Social health and wellbeing (characteristics)

A
  • function as a contributing member of the society
  • supported by strong communication skills, empathy for others and a sense of personal accountability
  • quality of relationships that individuals have with others is a key aspect of social health and wellbeing.
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6
Q

What is mental health and wellbeing? (definition)

A

Mental health and wellbeing is the current state of the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.

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7
Q

Mental health and wellbeing (characteristics)

A
  • positively form opinions
  • wellness of the mind rather than illness.
  • low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self-esteem
  • overall functioning of the mind and can be positive or negative
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8
Q

What is emotional health and wellbeing? (definition)

A

Emotional health and wellbeing relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.

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9
Q

Emotional health and wellbeing (characteristics)

A
  • positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions
  • ability to display resilience
  • feeling emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.
  • trying to block emotions can actually contribute to poor health and wellbeing.
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10
Q

What is spiritual health and wellbeing? (definition)

A

Spiritual health and wellbeing is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.

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11
Q

Spiritual health and wellbeing (characteristics)

A
  • concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on a person’s place in the world.
  • highly individualised
  • relate to morals, values, a sense of purpose in life, connection or belonging
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12
Q

What is optimal health and wellbeing?

A

Optimal/overall health is having a complete Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social and Spiritual health and wellbeing. It refers to the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain.

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13
Q

What is health status?

A

An individuals or a populations overall health (taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, disability)

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14
Q

Why measure health status?

A
  • allows judgements to be made about overall health
  • government/non-government organisations can take action to improve areas that need help with health
  • allows trends to be identified
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15
Q

Life expectancy

A

Indication of how long a person can expect to live

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16
Q

Self-assessed health status

A

An individuals ‘perception’ of their level of health

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17
Q

Mortality

A

Rate of death in an individual or population

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18
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births

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19
Q

Under 5 mortality rate

A

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.

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20
Q

Maternal mortality

A

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or
within six weeks of delivery.

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21
Q

Why do we need mortality rates? (5)

A
  • understanding death in population
  • common causes for death
  • monitoring trends
  • informing health policy
  • investigating differences
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22
Q

Morbidity

A

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

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23
Q

Prevalence

A

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition PRESENT in a
population at a given time.

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24
Q

Incidence

A

Incidence refers to the number of NEW cases of a particular disease or condition in a community or population within a given time.

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25
Q

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A

Refers to a person’s position in society relative to other people based on the factors of
income, occupation and education.

26
Q

What is Medicare?

A

Medicare is a public health system that covers all permanent residents of Australia.

27
Q

What is the aim of Medicare?

A

provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all Australians in need of treatment, regardless of age or income.

28
Q

What is Medicare financed by?

A
  • General taxation
  • Medicare Levy
  • Medicare Levy Surcharge
29
Q

General taxation

A

paid on a taxable income

30
Q

Medicare levy

A

contributions made to the healthcare system through a 2 per cent Medicare levy. (paid by most taxpayers, is based on taxable income and is paid in addition to general income tax)

31
Q

Medicare levy surcharge

A

is an additional amount paid by individuals and families who do not have Private Health Insurance. The surcharge was set between 1 and 1.5 percent of total income for a single taxpayer who earns above $90 000 and for families who earn over $180 000.

32
Q

What is bulk billing?

A

the practice, among doctors, of choosing to be paid reduced fees directly by the government rather than bill patients fully and bear the cost of billing.

33
Q

What are some OUT of hospital services for Medicare? (4)

A
  • consultation fees for GP’s, including some specialists
  • tests and examinations by doctors needed to treat illnesses, including X-rays and pathology (blood) tests
  • eye tests performed by optometrists
  • most surgical procedures performed by approved dentists
34
Q

What are some IN hospital services for Medicare? (3)

A
  • hospital bed or accomodation
  • doctor or specialist assigned by the hospital
  • nursing care, food, etc.
35
Q

What is private health insurance?

A

Private health insurance is a subscription or policy for which a person pays to provide them with different levels of cover.

36
Q

What is avaliable from PHI? (5)

A
  • choice of doctor in public and private hospitals
  • no waiting period for elective surgery, and non-urgent surgical procedures
  • choice of private hospital
  • choice of shared or private room in hospital
  • extras cover, which provides part reimbursement of fees for additional health services (dentistry, chiropractic, physiotherapy, optometry, home nursing and podiatry.)
37
Q

What is the ADG guidline 1?

A

achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs.

38
Q

What is the ADG guidline 2?

A

enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day

39
Q

What is the ADG guidline 3?

A

limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.

40
Q

What is the ADG guidline 4?

A

encourage, support and promote breastfeeding

41
Q

What is the ADG guidline 5?

A

care for your food; prepare and store it safely.

42
Q

What are the 6 essential nutrient catergories?

A
  • protein
  • carbohydrates
  • water
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • fats
43
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? with examples

A

Saturated fats (chocolate, processed meats) are unhealthy whereas unsaturated fats (avocado, nuts) are more healthy and prevent the risk of heart disease. They both contain a high proportion of fatty acid molecules.

44
Q

What are the 4 types of fats?

A
  • saturated
  • trans fat
  • polyunsaturated
  • monounsaturated
45
Q

What is an example and function of protein?

A

chicken
- growth and maintenance of organs and muscles
- energy source

46
Q

What is an example and function of carbohydrates?

A

potatoes
- major source of energy and only fuel source for many vital organs (brain, kidneys etc.)
- keep you full

47
Q

What is an example and function of fats?

A

avocado
- formation of cell membranes
- organ protection

48
Q

What is an example and function of water?

A

cucumber, water
- distribute nutrients and oxygen around body
- hydration

49
Q

What is an example and function of vitamins?

A

fruits
- regulate metabolism
- maintain normal growth

50
Q

What is an example and function of minerals?

A

calcium
- body needs atleast 20 different minerals to function

51
Q

What is a macronutrient? +example

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats
- needed by the body in large amounts and are large molecules

52
Q

What is a micronutrient? +example

A

vitamins, minerals
needed by the body in small amounts

53
Q

What is fibre function and example

A

whole grain bread
- to keep the digestive system healthy
- helps digestion or faeces

54
Q

What is calcium function and example

A

milk
- bone development
- muscles to move and for nerves to carry messages between your brain and every part of your body

55
Q

What is iron function and example

A

red meats
- help carry oxygen throughout your body
- to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells

56
Q

What is sodium function and example

A

salt
- control blood pressure and blood volume
- normal cell function

57
Q

What is calcium function + example

A

milk
- bone development and structue
- tooth hygiene

58
Q

What is low socioeconomic status? + examples

A

individuals with low educational achievement and low household income
- higher mortality rates
- higher obesity rates
- lower incomes, education levels

59
Q

What are 2 sports psycology strategies?

A

visualisation
positive self talk

60
Q

What is positive self talk and when is it used?

A
  • Internal dialogue that makes a person feel good about themselves
  • Used when you are faced with a challenge
  • Use positive sayings and self-talk to overcome negative thoughts and improve their confidence and self-esteem.
61
Q

What is visualisation and when is it used?

A
  • Technique for producing pictures, or animations that represent a message
  • Use it to strengthen your mental picture of an upcoming occasion.
  • Can also rehearse ahead of time so that you are well-prepared for the event.

Exams Sem 1 (4 decks)

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