Sport psychology : Cope et al Flashcards
Roles are defined as ?
the expectations about patterns of behaviors for an individual in a particular
social situation.
three general types of behaviors are associated with different roles within task-oriented
groups these behaviors include ?
(a) activity (i.e., the degree to which an individual performs
behaviors directed toward standing out from others),
(b) task ability (i.e., the degree to which
an individual demonstrates expertise toward group goal attainment),
(c) likeability (i.e., the
degree to which an individual performs behaviors directed toward the development and maintenance
of socially satisfying relationships).
Process of communicating
role responsibilities is proposed to consist of a cycle of five events.
The first event involves the
role sender (e.g., a coach or teammate) developing expectations for the focal person (e.g., the
athlete).
The second event involves the communication of those expectations by the role
sender to the focal person to perform a specific set of role responsibilities.
The third event
occurs when the focal person interprets the communication of those expectations and subsequently
responds (i.e., event 4); ideally through the proper execution of his or her role responsibilities.
The final event in this cycle involves the role sender making judgments about how the
focal person has responded,
which in turn drives his or her subsequent expectations for the focal
person at the next interaction (i.e., back to event 1)
two
important functions of informal roles
First, an informal structure
within the team can arise to supplement the formal structure if the latter is lacking the necessary
group activities to be effective
A second important function of informal roles is to provide resistance to the formal
structure
Three general observations
can be made with respect to the types of roles that were described.
First,
informal roles address both social and task concerns of the group
Second, informal roles have the potential to be viewed positively or negatively
while there is likely some overlap in the types of informal roles found across all
groups, it appears that there is some contextual specificity
Comedian
An athlete who entertains others through the use of comical situations, humorous
dialogue, and practical jokes. This individual can also be referred to as a
jokester, clown, or prankster.
Spark plug
An athlete who ignites, inspires, or animates a group toward a common goal. May
be referred to as the task booster
Cancer
An athlete who expresses negative emotions that spread destructively throughout
a team.
Distracter
An athlete who draws away or diverts the attention of other teammates decreasing
their focus.
Enforcer
An athlete who is physically intimidating or willingly belligerent and who is
counted on to retaliate when rough tactics are used by the opposing team.
Mentor
An athlete who acts as a trusted counselor or teacher for another athlete on the
team. This athlete has usually been with the team for a few years and has
experience and wisdom to teach the less experienced athlete(s).
Informal leader –
non verbal
An athlete who leads the team by example, hard work, and dedication
Informal leader –
verbal
An athlete who leads the team both on and off the playing surface through verbal
commands. This individual is not selected by the team as a leader but assumes
Team Player
An athlete who gives exceptional effort and can be seen as a workhorse that is
willing to sacrifice and put the team before his/her own well-being.
Star player
An athlete who is distinguished or celebrated because of their personality,
performance, and/or showmanship.
